常：

①恒久不變的；固定的?！秾O子·虛實(shí)》:“四時(shí)無常位?！?四時(shí)：四季。)《韓非子·五蠹》:“不期修古，不法?？伞！雹谝欢ǖ臏?zhǔn)則或制度?！吨芤住は缔o上》:“動(dòng)靜有常?！薄秶Z·楚語上》:“民不廢時(shí)務(wù)，官不易朝常?！雹壑赣闪?xí)慣而形成的常規(guī)、慣例?！豆茏印び坠佟?“明法審數(shù)，立常備能，則治。”④特指封建社會倫理道德的最高準(zhǔn)則?！墩摵狻柨住?“五常之道，仁、義、禮、智、信也?！雹萜椒驳模黄胀ǖ?。《史記·扁鵲傳》:“扁鵲，非常人也。”⑥日常；平時(shí)?！稌x書·何曾傳》:“未嘗聞經(jīng)國遠(yuǎn)圖，惟說平生常事?！?經(jīng)：治理。)⑦副詞。經(jīng)常；常常?！读凶印ぬ烊稹?“常生?；?，無時(shí)不生，無時(shí)不化?！雹喙糯L度單位。八尺為尋，兩尋為常?！俄n非子·揚(yáng)權(quán)》:“上失扶寸，下得尋常。”⑨通“嘗”。曾經(jīng)。《荀子·天論》:“夫日月之有蝕，風(fēng)雨之不時(shí)，怪星之黨(tǎng)見(xiàn),是無世而不常有之?！?黨：偶然。)

不：

(一)①不?！逗鬂h書·班超傳》:“不入虎穴，不得虎子?！薄对娊?jīng)·魏風(fēng)·伐檀》:“不狩不獵，胡瞻爾庭有縣(懸)特兮?！?特：三歲的獸。)②非；不是?！盾髯印ぞ馈?“能中是者取之，是豈不必得之之道也哉？”③無；沒有?！蹲髠鳌は骞辍?“不德而有功?！雹芪础！睹献印ち夯萃跎稀?“直不百步耳，是亦走也。”⑤句中助詞。無實(shí)義?！兑葜軙せ书T》:“我不則寅哉寅哉！”[不祿]士死的諱稱?！抖Y記·曲禮下》:“天子曰崩，諸侯曰薨，大夫曰卒，士曰不祿?！?(二)fū花萼。后作“柎”?！对娊?jīng)·小雅·常棣》:“常棣之華，鄂不(wěi)?！?常棣：即棠梨樹。 鄂：同“萼”。 :有光采。)

老：

①年歲大?！对娊?jīng)·邶風(fēng)·擊鼓》:“與子偕老?！?偕：一同。)《老子》第十八章：“民至老死不相往來?！雹谒ダ?。辛棄疾《永遇樂·京口北固亭懷古》:“廉頗老矣，尚能飯否？”③老年人。《戰(zhàn)國策·齊策》:“民扶老攜幼，迎君道中?！碧赜糜趯Y深長者的敬稱?！对娊?jīng)·小雅·十月之交》:“不慭遺一老。”(慭yìn:愿)④老死；終老。死的諱稱。張溥《五人墓碑記》:“令五人者保其首領(lǐng)以老于戶牖之下。”⑤敬老，養(yǎng)老。《孟子·梁惠王上》:“老吾老以及人之老。”⑥熟練，有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。歐陽修《為君難論》:“其父奢，趙之名將，老用于兵者也?！雹邔浯蠓虻目偡Q?！蹲髠鳌ふ压辍?“天子之老，請帥王賦。”也指大夫的家臣《論語·憲問》:“孟公綽為趙魏老則優(yōu)。”(孟公綽：魯大夫。趙魏：都是晉國的世卿。)⑧告老；年老退休?！蹲髠鳌は骞辍?“祁奚請老?！?祁奚：晉大夫。)⑨年久的；歷時(shí)久遠(yuǎn)的。原來的(與“新”相對)。方苞《獄中雜記》:“而獄中為老監(jiān)者四，監(jiān)五室。”⑩陳舊的。歸有光《項(xiàng)脊軒志》:“百年老屋，塵泥滲漉?！?11)前綴。用于稱人、排列次序和某些動(dòng)植物名。蘇軾《江城子·密州出獵》:“老夫聊發(fā)少年狂。”

chang :

①heng jiu bu bian de ;gu ding de ?！秙un zi ·xu shi 》:“si shi mo chang wei ?！?si shi :si ji 。)《han fei zi ·wu du 》:“bu ji xiu gu ,bu fa chang ke ?！雹趛i ding de zhun ze huo zhi du 。《zhou yi ·ji ci shang 》:“dong jing you chang 。”《guo yu ·chu yu shang 》:“min bu fei shi wu ,guan bu yi chao chang 。”③zhi you xi guan er xing cheng de chang gui 、guan li 。《guan zi ·you guan 》:“ming fa shen shu ,li chang bei neng ,ze zhi ?！雹躷e zhi feng jian she hui lun li dao de de zui gao zhun ze ?！秎un heng ·wen kong 》:“wu chang zhi dao ,ren 、yi 、li 、zhi 、xin ye 。”⑤ping fan de ;pu tong de 。《shi ji ·bian que chuan 》:“bian que ,fei chang ren ye 。”⑥r(nóng)i chang ;ping shi 。《jin shu ·he ceng chuan 》:“wei chang wen jing guo yuan tu ,wei shui ping sheng chang shi ?！?jing :zhi li 。)⑦fu ci 。jing chang ;chang chang 。《lie zi ·tian rui 》:“chang sheng chang hua zhe ,mo shi bu sheng ,mo shi bu hua ?！雹鄃u dai chang du chan wei 。ba che wei xun ,liang xun wei chang ?！秇an fei zi ·yang quan 》:“shang shi fu cun ,xia de xun chang ?！雹醫(yī)ong “chang ”。ceng jing ?！秞un zi ·tian lun 》:“fu ri yue zhi you shi ,feng yu zhi bu shi ,guai xing zhi dang (tǎng)jian (xiàn),shi mo shi er bu chang you zhi ?！?dang :ou ran 。)

bu :

(yi )①bu ?！秇ou han shu ·ban chao chuan 》:“bu ru hu xue ,bu de hu zi ?！薄秙hi jing ·wei feng ·fa tan 》:“bu shou bu lie ,hu zhan er ting you xian (xuan )te xi ?！?te :san sui de shou 。)②fei ;bu shi ?！秞un zi ·jun dao 》:“neng zhong shi zhe qu zhi ,shi qi bu bi de zhi zhi dao ye zai ?”③mo ;mei you ?！秡uo chuan ·xiang gong er shi san nian 》:“bu de er you gong ?！雹躻ei ?！秏eng zi ·liang hui wang shang 》:“zhi bu bai bu er ,shi yi zou ye ?！雹輌ou zhong zhu ci 。mo shi yi ?！秠i zhou shu ·huang men 》:“wo bu ze yin zai yin zai !”[bu lu ]shi si de hui chen 。《li ji ·qu li xia 》:“tian zi yue beng ,zhu hou yue hong ,da fu yue cu ,shi yue bu lu ?！?(er )fūhua e 。hou zuo “fu ”。《shi jing ·xiao ya ·chang di 》:“chang di zhi hua ,e bu (wěi)?！?chang di :ji tang li shu 。 e :tong “e ”。 :you guang cai 。)

lao :

①nian sui da ?！秙hi jing ·bei feng ·ji gu 》:“yu zi xie lao 。”(xie :yi tong 。)《lao zi 》di shi ba zhang :“min zhi lao si bu xiang wang lai 。”②cui lao 。xin qi ji 《yong yu le ·jing kou bei gu ting huai gu 》:“l(fā)ian po lao yi ,shang neng fan fou ?”③lao nian ren 。《zhan guo ce ·ji ce 》:“min fu lao xie you ,ying jun dao zhong ?！眛e yong yu dui zi shen chang zhe de jing chen ?！秙hi jing ·xiao ya ·shi yue zhi jiao 》:“bu yin wei yi lao ?！?yin yìn:yuan )④lao si ;zhong lao 。si de hui chen 。zhang pu 《wu ren mu bei ji 》:“l(fā)ing wu ren zhe bao ji shou ling yi lao yu hu you zhi xia 。”⑤jing lao ,yang lao ?！秏eng zi ·liang hui wang shang 》:“l(fā)ao wu lao yi ji ren zhi lao ?！雹辳hou lian ,you jing yan 。ou yang xiu 《wei jun nan lun 》:“ji fu she ,zhao zhi ming jiang ,lao yong yu bing zhe ye ?！雹遜ui gong qing da fu de zong chen ?！秡uo chuan ·zhao gong shi san nian 》:“tian zi zhi lao ,qing shuai wang fu 。”ye zhi da fu de jia chen 《lun yu ·xian wen 》:“meng gong chao wei zhao wei lao ze you ?！?meng gong chao :lu da fu 。zhao wei :dou shi jin guo de shi qing 。)⑧gao lao ;nian lao tui xiu ?！秡uo chuan ·xiang gong san nian 》:“qi xi qing lao 。”(qi xi :jin da fu 。)⑨nian jiu de ;li shi jiu yuan de 。yuan lai de (yu “xin ”xiang dui )。fang bao 《yu zhong za ji 》:“er yu zhong wei lao jian zhe si ,jian wu shi ?！雹鈉hen jiu de 。gui you guang 《xiang ji xuan zhi 》:“bai nian lao wu ,chen ni shen lu ?！?11)qian chuo 。yong yu chen ren 、pai lie ci xu he mou xie dong zhi wu ming 。su shi 《jiang cheng zi ·mi zhou chu lie 》:“l(fā)ao fu liao fa shao nian kuang ?！?/div>