月球
the moon
～探測器進入軌道。The lunar probe has reached the orbit./～探測工程lunar exploration program/中國～探測工程Chinese Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP)/～軌道（探測）衛(wèi)星lunar orbiter(probe)/～探測器lunar probe;lunar orbiter(后者指軌道器，范圍更大)
相關詞匯
嫦娥一號衛(wèi)星Chang’e I Lunar Satellite
中國國家航天局China National Space Administration (CNSA)
國防科學技術工業(yè)委員會（國防科工委） Commission of Science,Technology and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND)
中國航天科技集團公司China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC)
北京航天飛行控制中心Beijing Aerospace Control Center (BACC)
中國空間技術研究院China Academy of Space Technology (CAST)
中國運載火箭技術研究院China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT)
長征三號甲運載火箭Long March (LM)3A launch vehicle(carrier rocket)
衛(wèi)星進入周期為12小時、近月點210千米、遠月點8600千米的月球橢圓軌道。The orbiter traveled along a 12-hour elliptical moon orbit,with a perilune—the point in a lunar orbit that is nearest to the moon—of about 210 km and an apolune—the point in a lunar orbit that is farthest from the moon—of about 8600 km.
探測器進入月球軌道后，必須作幾次制動，才能成功被月球引力所捕獲，成為繞月衛(wèi)星。制動過早，衛(wèi)星會飛離月球，制動過晚，就會與月球相撞。After the probe enters the moon’s orbit,it will brake several times so that it will be captured by lunar gravity and become a real circumlunar satellite. It would fly away from the moon if the braking is too early,or crash into the moon if the braking is too late.
第三次近月制動將衛(wèi)星的速度減至每分鐘1.59千米、軌道調整為周期127分鐘的極月圓軌道。The third braking further slowed the probe’s speed to 1.59 km.per second to enter a 127-minute round polar circular orbit.
經(jīng)過326個小時、總距離約180萬千米的長途飛行和四次變軌、一次軌道調整和三次制動后，衛(wèi)星成功進入月球的“工作軌道”。After completing a 326-hour long journey of some 1.80 million kilometers,four orbital transfers,one orbital correction and three brakings,the satellite successfully entered the moon’s “working orbit”.
科學目標：獲取月球表面三維影像，分析月球表面有用元素及物質類型的含量和分布，探測月球風化層特性，探測40萬千米間的地月空間環(huán)境。The scientific objectives include:to acquire 3-D images of lunar surface;to analyze abundance and distribution of elements on lunar surface; to investigate characteristics of lunar regolith; and to explore space environment between the Earth and the Moon.
衛(wèi)星的繞、落、回lunar orbiting,lunar landing and sample return
有效載荷payloads
觀察裝置observation instruments
光學成像探測系統(tǒng)optical imaging system
CCD相機CCD stereo camera
干涉成像光譜儀interferometer spectrometer image
激光高度計laser altimeter
γ射線譜儀gamma-ray spectrometer
微波輻射儀microwave sounder
空間環(huán)境探測儀space environment detector
太陽高能粒子探測器high-energy solar particle detector
低能離子探測器low-energy ion detector
發(fā)射區(qū)launch site
發(fā)射臺launch pad
發(fā)射窗口launch window
發(fā)射前的最后測試pre-launch tests
發(fā)射升空take-off;lift-off;blast-off
點火ignition
測控telemetry,tracking and command(TT&C)
星箭分離separation of the satellite from the launch vehicle
近地點perigee
遠地點apogee
近月點perilune
遠月點apolune
變軌orbital transfer;maneuver
偏離軌道deviate from the orbit;veer off cource
地月轉移軌道Earth-Moon transfer orbit
極軌道polar orbit
收集月球表面數(shù)據(jù)collect lunar surface data
拍攝和傳送地球照片capture and relay pictures of Earth
地形和地表結構topographical and surface structures
磁尾magnetotail
甚長底線干涉量度法very long baseline interferometry(VLBI)
下引線數(shù)據(jù)接收downlink data reception