·嚴(yán)氏女學(xué)

清末興學(xué)的初期，由于男尊女卑思想還禁錮著人們的頭腦，在創(chuàng)辦學(xué)堂的進(jìn)程中，只重視男子教育，女子教育仍被排斥在教育制度之外。清光緒二十九年十一月二十六日 (1904年1月13日)頒布的 《奏定學(xué)堂章程》 (癸卯學(xué)制)中，就未提及女子教育； 直到光緒三十三年(1907),學(xué)部才制訂出 《女子小學(xué)堂章程》和《女子師范學(xué)堂章程》,中國(guó)女子教育開(kāi)始列入教育制度。
但是在這以前，天津的有識(shí)之士，便開(kāi)始關(guān)注女子教育問(wèn)題。教育改革家嚴(yán)修，以其非凡的魄力，沖破重重阻力，積極提倡女子教育，主張男女教育并重，把男女教育完全擺在平等的地位，并身體力行。用自己的家宅為試驗(yàn)基地，以家塾的形式作為過(guò)渡，然后創(chuàng)立正式學(xué)校。
清光緒二十八年(1902),嚴(yán)修在自己的家里創(chuàng)辦了嚴(yán)氏女塾。入學(xué)的學(xué)生主要是嚴(yán)氏的家屬，有其女兒、侄女、兒媳、侄媳和親友的女兒。年齡從10歲到20歲不等。嚴(yán)修的次子嚴(yán)智怡任該塾主任兼教員，教國(guó)文； 嚴(yán)修的三子嚴(yán)智鐘，教英文； 日本教員川本教日文和唱歌； 日本教員山口教手工； 日本教員野崎教織布。學(xué)費(fèi)每人每月1元。上午學(xué)縫紉、洗衣、織布； 織布從紡紗到織成平紋布、斜紋布和毛巾。下午上國(guó)文、英文、算術(shù)、日文、音樂(lè)、國(guó)畫(huà)等課。嚴(yán)修曾親授作文。該塾所用教材和教具，大多是嚴(yán)修從日本購(gòu)買(mǎi)的。
光緒三十一年(1905),嚴(yán)修女塾改為嚴(yán)氏小學(xué)，設(shè)高小(3年),初小(4年)兩級(jí)，課程有： 國(guó)文、英文、日文、數(shù)學(xué)、理化、史地、音樂(lè)和國(guó)畫(huà)等。嚴(yán)修之妹嚴(yán)叔琳擔(dān)任監(jiān)學(xué)。初小教員有韓升華、韓詠華等。高小只辦了1班，有學(xué)生13名，教師有華海門(mén)、鄭趾周、戴有三、張星六等，均為當(dāng)時(shí)天津教育界知名人士。嚴(yán)氏女學(xué)是天津設(shè)立的第一所女校，也是全國(guó)開(kāi)創(chuàng)最早的女子學(xué)校之一。
1919年該校增設(shè)中學(xué)班； 1923年9月，由嚴(yán)修、言仲遠(yuǎn)捐資，租南開(kāi)六德里為校舍，改建為南開(kāi)女子中學(xué)； 1925年，在南開(kāi)中學(xué)操場(chǎng)南面建女子新校舍一所，此時(shí)學(xué)生增加到近300人。1937年7月28日，南開(kāi)女中被日本侵略軍炸毀。天津淪陷時(shí)期，南遷重慶南渝中學(xué)繼續(xù)學(xué)業(yè)?？箲?zhàn)勝利后，因?yàn)樾Ｖ窙](méi)有著落，1945年10月未能與南開(kāi)中學(xué)同時(shí)復(fù)校。轉(zhuǎn)年，南開(kāi)中學(xué)遷回原址——天津市南開(kāi)區(qū)四馬路22號(hào)(今南開(kāi)中學(xué)現(xiàn)址),勻出了南開(kāi)中校復(fù)校時(shí)的天津市一區(qū)甘肅路88號(hào)(后第二南開(kāi)中學(xué)校址) ,南開(kāi)女子中學(xué)才于1946年7月18日復(fù)校，東樓作為教室，北樓作為宿舍。招錄新生高一年級(jí)48名； 初一年級(jí)48名，于8月31日開(kāi)學(xué)，9月9日上課。
解放后，南開(kāi)女子中學(xué)于1953年改名天津市第七女子中學(xué)，1959年改名天津市醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)，1962年改名天津南開(kāi)女中，1968年改名東方紅中學(xué)，1985年改稱(chēng)天津第二南開(kāi)中學(xué)。
中國(guó)早期女子教育倡導(dǎo)者，還有呂碧城(1833—1943),女，安徽旌德人，幼即聰敏好學(xué)，能文善畫(huà)，十五六歲詞作便聲名鵲起。1903年，被英斂之聘為天津《大公報(bào)》編輯，后游學(xué)日本，1909年回津后，應(yīng)直隸提學(xué)使盧木齋之約，創(chuàng)辦盧氏蒙養(yǎng)院，并在盧氏所辦學(xué)堂中兼任教習(xí)。不久，自己創(chuàng)辦起一所私立北洋女子公學(xué)，任校長(zhǎng)并執(zhí)教。民國(guó)后，曾被袁世凱聘為公府秘書(shū)。1918年后，赴美國(guó)留學(xué)和游歐美。著作豐，流傳廣，吟詠多宣傳佛學(xué)。
In the last years of Qing Dynasty,though many a schoolwas set up,superiority of men to women as the majorobstacle prevented women from receiving education.Thus,men`s education was focalized while women`swas excluded from educational system in the process ofdevelopment of education. For example,the Statute forSchools issued in January 13th 1904 (the 29th year ofEmperor Guangxu) did not mention women education.Women education was not officially listed into educationsystem until 1907 (the 33rd year of Emperor Guangxu)when Education Department of the royal governmentissued Statute for Women Primary Schools and Statutefor Women Normal Schools.
However,some men of insight in Tianjin hadalready paid their attention to women education before1907. Education reformer Yan Xiu was one of them.With extraordinary resolution,he actively advocatedwomen education. He preached that both men andwomen should be equal. Even more,he put what headvocated into practice,taking his own house as afamily class. Then he set up a formal school.
In 1902 (the 28th year of Emperor Guangxu),Yan`s Women School was set up in his own home,moststudents of which were mostly his family memberssuch as his daughters,nieces,daughter-in-laws,wivesof his nephews and daughters of his friends and otherfemale family members. They aged from 10 to 20. Thesecond son of Yan Xiu,Yan Zhiyi,was the director ofthe school and also taught Chinese. His third son,YanZhizhong,taught English. A Japanese teacher taughtJapanese and singing,another taught handcraft,andanother taught weaving. The tuition fee was 1 yuan permonth for each student. In the morning,students learnedsewing,washing and weaving (they weaved plain cloth,twills and towels. Weaving also includes spinning). Inthe afternoon,they learned Chinese,English,arithmetic,Japanese,music and traditional Chinese painting. YanXiu himself taught writing. Teaching materials and aidswere mostly bought from Japan by Yan Xiu.
In 1905 (the 31st year of Emperor Guangxu),Yan`s Women School was enlarged into Yan`s PrimarySchool,where there were two grades,higher primaryschool (three years) and lower primary school(4 years),whose courses included Chinese,English,Japanese,mathematics,physics,chemistry,music and traditionalChinese painting etc. The sister of Yan Xiu,Yan Shulin,assumed the office of warden of this school. Teachersof the lower primary school included Han Shenghuaand Hua Yonghua etc. There was only one class in thehigher primary school which had thirteen students taughtby teachers such as Hua Haimen,Zheng Zhizhou,DaiYousan and Zhang Xingliu etc. All of them were well-known in Tianjin educational cycle at their time. Yan`sWomen School was the first women school in Tianjinand one of the earliest in China.
In 1919,middle school was added. In September1923,founded by Yan Xiu and Yan Zhongyuan,Yan`sSchool rented Nankai Liudeli to be the school buildingand remade it into Nankai Women Middle School. In1925,a new school building for women was built tothe south of the playground in Nankai Men MiddleSchool. At that time,there were almost 300 students.In July 28,1937,Nankai Women Middle School wasbombed out by the Japanese invaders. During the periodwhen Tianjin was occupied,Nankai Women MiddleSchool moved to Chongqing Nanyu Middle Schoolto continue its operation. After the victory of the anti-Japanese war,Nankai Women Middle School did notresume in October 1945 with Nankai Middle Schoolbecause no appropriate school location was available.In the next year,that was,July 18,1946,when NankaiMiddle Scholl returned to its original location,No. 22in Si Road in Nankai district and spared the location inNo. 88 Gansu Road in Yi district (where Nankai MiddleSchool resumes its operation after the victory of the anti-Japanese war and where the Secondary Nankai MiddleSchool is now located),Nankai Women Middle Schoolresumed using the eastern building for classrooms andthe northern building for dormitories.In that year,itrecruited 48 students for the first grade of high schooland 48 for that of middle school. The new term began inAugust 31 and classes formally started in September 9.
After the liberation,Nankai Women Middle Schoolwas renamed as Tianjin No.7 Women Middle School in1953,Affiliated to Tianjin Medical University MiddleSchool in 1959,Tianjin Nankai Women Middle School in1962,Dongfanghong Middle School in 1968 and finallyTianjin Secondary Nankai Middle School in 1985.

·天津南開(kāi)女子中學(xué)