覺悟社是在五四運(yùn)動(dòng)中，由天津?qū)W生聯(lián)合會(huì)和天津女界愛國同志會(huì)的骨干聯(lián)合在一起組成的革命團(tuán)體。周恩來是覺悟社的主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之一。
1913年2月，周恩來隨伯父來到天津，1917年從南開中學(xué)畢業(yè)后，赴日本留學(xué)。1919年五四運(yùn)動(dòng)爆發(fā)后，從日本回國，投入了五四愛國運(yùn)動(dòng)，成為天津著名的學(xué)生領(lǐng)袖之一。他負(fù)責(zé)主編的《天津?qū)W生聯(lián)合會(huì)報(bào)》,被譽(yù)為“全國學(xué)生聯(lián)合會(huì)報(bào)之冠” 。
1919年9月16日，在天津市東南角的天津?qū)W生聯(lián)合會(huì)辦公室，周恩來、郭隆真、鄧穎超等天津?qū)W聯(lián)和天津女界愛國同志會(huì)的男女代表各20人，創(chuàng)建覺悟社，并決定出版刊物——《覺悟》。周恩來起草了《覺悟宣言》 ,提出覺悟社的宗旨是 “要本‘革心’ 、‘革新’ 的精神，求大學(xué)的 ‘自覺’ 、‘自決’ 。”
覺悟社選定居民比較集中的河北三戒里李愚如(社友)的家，為固定活動(dòng)的地方。為了對(duì)外工作方便，他們準(zhǔn)備了50個(gè)號(hào)，采取抓鬮的方式，確定每個(gè)社員的代號(hào)，又以代號(hào)的諧音為代名。周恩來的代號(hào)為 “伍豪” ,并一直沿用到新中國成立。
9月21日，覺悟社請(qǐng)李大釗來社演講，隨后又請(qǐng)徐廉講《救國問題》,包世杰講《對(duì)于新潮流的感想》,錢玄同講《研究白話文》,劉半農(nóng)講《白話詩》等。還舉辦了不同題目、不同規(guī)模的學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)、討論會(huì)。組織了當(dāng)年雙十節(jié)天津各界群眾大規(guī)模示威游行。12月，為聲援福州人民反對(duì)日本槍殺中國同胞的斗爭，推動(dòng)天津各界聯(lián)合會(huì)召開了聲勢(shì)浩大的國民大會(huì)，焚燒了大批日貨。
1920年1月25日，天津反動(dòng)當(dāng)局對(duì)群眾愛國運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行鎮(zhèn)壓，查封了天津各界聯(lián)合會(huì)和天津?qū)W聯(lián)，逮捕了馬駿等20多人。1月29日，周恩來等領(lǐng)導(dǎo)大家進(jìn)行絕食斗爭，組織學(xué)習(xí)馬克思主義。周恩來把獄中斗爭的情況寫成《警廳拘留記》、《警廳日記》兩部著作。

·覺悟社成員合影

·刊物

7月17日，在全國各地強(qiáng)烈抗議和積極營救下，全部被捕人員獲釋。不久，周恩來等11名覺悟社員前往北京，在李大釗的倡議下，于8月16日，在陶然亭召開由覺悟社、少年中國學(xué)會(huì)、青年攻讀互助團(tuán)、曙光社、人道社等代表20多人參加的集會(huì)。會(huì)上，周恩來提出了改造聯(lián)合、開展工農(nóng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的主張。覺悟社等5團(tuán)體，宣布要“聯(lián)合各地主張革新的團(tuán)體，分工合作，來實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)改造” 。
1920年11月，周恩來等覺悟社主要成員赴法國勤工儉學(xué)，留在國內(nèi)的覺悟社員陸續(xù)求學(xué)、就業(yè)，分散到各地，覺悟社基本上停止了活動(dòng)。中國共產(chǎn)黨和社會(huì)主義青年團(tuán)成立后，覺悟社的大部分社員先后加入了共產(chǎn)黨和青年團(tuán)。

·覺悟社新社址

Consciousness Organization,established by the eliteof Tianjin Student League and Woman PatrioticUnion during the May 4th Movement of 1919,was arevolutionary group in which Zhou Enlai served as oneof the leaders.
In February 1913,Zhou Enlai came to Tianjin withhis uncle,and then studied in Japan since his graduationfrom Naikai High School in 1917. When the May 4thMovement broke out in 1919,Zhou returned to Chinaand engaged in the movement as a noted student leaderin Tianjin. Tianjin Student League Daily edited by Zhouwas entitled to laurel among national student leaguedaily.
On September 16,1919,representatives with 20females and males respectively from Tianjin StudentLeague and Woman Patriotic Union including ZhouEnlai,Guo Longzhen and Deng Yingchao,set upConsciousness Organization in an office of TianjinStudent League in Dong Nan Jiao,Tianjin. They alsodecided to publish Consciousness. Zhou drafted out TheDeclaration of Consciousness,motivated by a desire toreformation and innovation,for self-consciousness andself-determination.
The residence of Li Yuru (group member),situated in San Jie Li,Hebei District,was chosenby Consciousness Organization as the usual placefor activities. Members drew lots from 1 to 50 ascode names convenient for work,with homophonyfurthermore. Thus Zhou was named Wu Hao as No 5 tillthe foundation of new China.
On September 21,Consciousness Organizationinvited Li Dazhao to deliver speech,successivelyXu Lian to deliver speech on Problems on CountrySaving,Bao Shijie on Thoughts on New Fashion,QianXuantong on Vernacular Studies,and Liu Bannongon Free Verse. In addition,they held discussionsand seminars over different topics in all types.Theyorganized demonstrations on October 10. In December,to support Fuzhou people in struggles for Japanesemassacre,the group motivated Tianjin unions to nationalassembly and burn down Japanese products.
On January 25,1920,the reactionary forces inTianjin oppressed the patriotic movements,closingdown Tianjin unions and Student League. More than 20people,including Ma Jun,were arrested. On January 29,Zhou Enlai led group members to hunger strike,to studyMarxism. Zhou completed Stories in Prison and Diary inPolice Station,telling of his struggles in imprisonment.
The fact that people around the country stronglyopposed to arrest these people made all membersreleased on July 17. Then on August 16,Zhou,withother 10,under the suggestion of Li Dazhao,held anassembly participated by over 20 representatives fromConsciousness Organization,China Juvenile Academy,Youth Study Mutual Group,Dawn Community,Humanism Community at Tao Ran Pavilion,in whichZhou proposed to reform the union and to developworker-peasant movement. Five communities includingConsciousness Organization,declared to regeneratesociety by uniting innovative communities,sharing thework and cooperating with each other.
In November 1920,some key members like ZhouEnlai of Consciousness Organization went to France forwork-study program,while others went to study or work.So the group stopped their works. After the establishmentof China Communist Party and Socialist Youth Group,most of the members in the Organization successivelyjoined the Communist Party and Youth Corps.

·覺悟社成員合影