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(1)必要性;需要(great need)[U][N(for)，N+to-inf]：the～for providing protection for the convoys 為船隊護航的必要性;As the weather is dry there is no～for a mac. 由于不下雨，不需要雨衣。There was no～at all for you to do that. 你完全沒有必要這樣做。Is there any～for another meeting? 還有必要再開會嗎? There is no～to hurry. 沒有必要匆忙。I don't think there is any～to bring him into the affair yet. 我想沒有必要把他也卷進這件事。There is no～to wait any longer. 沒有必要再等下去了。N～is the mother of invention. 需要是發(fā)明之母。What's the～of leaving so early? 這么早就離開有什么必要?〖同〗need，demand，pressure;

(2)必不可少的東西(something needed or essential)[C]：the～ies of life/of existence/for hiking/for a camping trip 生活必需品/生存所必需的東西/遠足旅行所必需的物品/野營旅行必需品;For this job，a knowledge of Italian is a～. 做這項工作，必須懂意大利語。A water-bottle is an absolute～on this trip. 在這次旅行中水瓶是絕對必需的?！纪絤ust;

(3)必然性(the power of natural law that cannot be other than it is)[sing]：historical/logical/physical～ 歷史的必然性/邏輯的必然性/命運;Death is a～to life. 生命必然以死亡告終。

make a virtue of necessity出于無奈但盡力爭取好的結(jié)果：After he lost all his money，he made a virtue of～and found a new and interesting life as a teacher. 他失去全部金錢之后，萬般無奈作了教師，結(jié)果找到了一種新的有趣的生活。

of necessity 不可避免地;必然地：That discussion must of～be posponed for a while. 那個討論必須推遲一段時間。