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(1) 1)歷史學(study of events in the past concerning the rulers and government of a country，social and trade conditions)[U]：ancient/medieval/modern～古代/中古/近代歷史;a～student 學歷史的學生; 2)歷史學科(course taught at school or university)[U]：adore/read～喜歡/讀歷史;have a degree in European～獲歐洲歷史學科的學位;H～is his main subject at college.歷史是他大學中的主修學科。a～book/lesson/teacher 歷史書/課/老師;

(2)歷史，過去的事件(the record of past events)[U]：The 1860's were full of～.19世紀60年代歷史事件迭出。in the～of the English language英語發(fā)展史中;in the course of the～of man在人類發(fā)展過程中;in Polish～在波蘭歷史中;

(3)史實的描述((written)account of past events，and developments，esp in a particular subject，period or place)[C]：write a new/short～of America 寫一部新/短的美洲史;give sb a most wonderfully realistic～of French society 給某人就法國社會作一次非常實事求是的歷史描述;～play 歷史劇;

(4)病史;過去的經(jīng)歷((all the) things that happened in the past to a person，esp in medical or social terms，or in connection with sth)[C，通常sing]：have a(long)～of headaches/back trouble/crime(長期)頭疼/背疼/犯罪;There is a～of coronary heart disease/madness in his family. 他的家族有冠狀動脈心臟病/精神失常的病史。look at sb's medical～看一看某人的病歷;study sb's case～ies 研究某人的病案史;tell sb of one's life～告訴某人自己的生活經(jīng)歷;have similar～ies of success 有相似的成功的歷史;

(5)不再有關(guān)系、不再重要的事實(event in the past，esp one that has been forgotten or reduced in importance)[U](infml)： Their quarrel is～now.他們的爭辯已成歷史。That's ancient～.那是很久以前的事了。

go down in/make history 記入歷史，載入史冊：Neil Amstrong made～when he stepped on the moon.尼爾·阿姆斯特朗因登上月球而被載入了史冊。

→his′toric adj 歷史的;his′torical adj歷史(上)的;

【辨異】story 與history的區(qū)別在于story(故事)是指一些有連貫性的事，可能發(fā)生或可能沒有發(fā)生，如：She told the children a story.(她給孩子們講了個故事。);history(歷史)是指過去發(fā)生的真實事件，如：We studied history at school.(我們在學校學習歷史。)