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v (1) 燃燒;發(fā)光(produce heat or light by or as if by fire)[I， L+adj]：A house (building/fire/heater) is～ing.房子(大樓/火/火爐在)燃燒。A light～ed in the house.屋內亮著一盞燈。The lights～ed all night.燈亮了一夜。The sun～ed bright in the sky.太陽像一盆火一樣在空中照著。Paper/Dry wood～s easily.紙/干木柴容易燃燒。Wet/Damp wood doesn't～easily.濕/潮木柴不易點燃。The fire had burnt low.火已經小了?！纪絙laze，flame，flare，flash，glow;

(2) (使)感到發(fā)燒((cause to) feel painfully hot)[I， T+n]：He～ed with fever.他發(fā)高燒。His forehead is～ing.他的前額發(fā)燙。My cheeks are～ing after that walk in the cold wind.在冷風中散步后我的臉頰感到火辣辣的。The whisky～ed in his chest.威士忌在他身軀中火燒火燎的。The air～ed his lungs.吸入的空氣令人感到熱燙。

(3) 有……強烈的感情;極想(feel strong emotion)[I， I+prep(with)， I+prep(for)， I+to-inf][常用prog]：When she said I was rude， I really～ed.當她說我粗魯時，我真是火了。The desire for wealth～ed in his heart.發(fā)財的欲火在他心中燃燒。be～ing with anger/rage/desire/longing 怒火中燒/怒火中燒/欲火燃燒/燃起渴欲之火;be～ing with zeal/shame/curiosity熱情澎湃/羞愧難當/非常好奇;letters～ing with indignation充滿義憤的信;be～ing to tell sb the news/to avenge the death of one's father/to go abroad 急切地想要告訴某人那個消息/為父親的死報仇/出國;

(4) 燒毀(壞，傷)((cause to)be destroyed， damaged， injured or marked by fire， heat or acid)[T+n， I]：They (The fire) burnt all the papers/the dead leaves/the rubbish/the houses 他們(火)燒毀了所有的文件/枯葉/垃圾/房子。 All the papers/houses (were) burnt in the fire.所有的文件/房子都在火中燒毀了。I've burnt the toast/the potatoes/the meat/the dinner/the milk.我把面包/土豆/肉/飯/牛奶烤(煮)糊了。The toast (potatoes/meat/dinner)～ed(black).面包(土豆/肉/飯)烤(煮)糊了。The child (Hot water) burnt his fingers/his mouth/his tongue/his wound.那小孩(熱水)燙了他的手指/嘴/舌頭/傷口。The sun～ed his skin to a bright red colour/to a deep tan.太陽把他皮膚曬得紅紅的/曬成紫銅色。The wound～s from the iodine.傷口因碘酒而灼痛。His face (skin/hand) was badly burnt by the hot sun/the acid.他的臉(皮膚/手)讓太陽/酸曬(燒)得掉了皮。His face (skin)～ed in the wind/on the beach.他的臉(皮膚)在風中吹/在海灘上曬得黑黑的。Fair skin～s easily.白皙的皮膚容易曬黑。Can you smell something～ing? 你聞到有東西燒糊的味嗎?

(5) 燒死((cause to) be killed by fire)[T+n， I]：Joan of Arc was burnt alive.圣女貞德被活活燒死。Many people burned to death in the fire.許多人被火燒死。

(6) 燒成(change or produce by heat or fire)[T+n， T+n+prep(to/into)]：～clay to make bricks燒粘土以制磚;The acid (cigarette/sparks) burnt a hole in his jacket.酸(香煙/火花)在他的短上衣上燒了個洞。～papers to ashes把文件燒成灰;～one's name/the image of a horse into the wood在木頭上燙上某人的名字/馬的圖樣;～the owner's mark into an animal's skin把主人的記號燙在動物皮上;

(7) 燒(use (sth) as fuel for power， heating or lighting)[T+n]：(heating boiler)～oil/coal/coke/wood/gas (供熱鍋爐)燒油/煤/焦炭/木柴/汽油;The lamp ～s too much oil.這燈太費油?！纪?consume;

burn one's boats/bridges 破釜沉舟，不留后路：If you write them your letter of resignation， you'll have burnt your bridges behind you.如果你給他們寫辭職信，你就毫無退路了。

burn the candle at both ends 晝夜不停地勞累：What can you expect if you～the candle at both ends? A breakdown.你要是晝夜不停地干，會有什么好結果? 身體垮臺。

burn one's fingers/get one's fingers burnt 自食其果：I'm not taking risks again;I've had my fingers～ed once.我可不再冒險了，我吃過一回虧了。

burn the midnight oil 開夜車，熬夜：She takes her exams next week， so she's～ing the midnight oil.她下周考試，所以在開夜車。

burn away (v adv) 1)燒掉 (vi & vt)：The candle (oil in the lamp/fire/paper) has nearly burnt away.蠟燭(燈里的油/火/紙)差不多燒光了。2)燒壞(vt)：The skin on his hand was burnt away in the fire.他手上的皮在火中燒傷了。3)繼續(xù)燃燒(vi)：The fire is～ing away.火在繼續(xù)燃燒著。

burn down (v adv) 1)燒毀 (vi & vt)：My house (has/was)～ed down to the ground.我的房子徹底燒毀了。Don't smoke in bed—you might～the house down.不要在床上抽煙——你會把房子燒了的。

burn up (v adv) 1) 燒掉(盡) (vt & vi)：He～ed up all the old letters/all the dead leaves.他把過去所有的信/所有的落葉都燒了。The house～ed up before the firemen got there.消防隊員到達時，房子已燒光了。2) 燒旺起來 (vi)： Put some more wood on the fire to make it～up.再添點柴，讓火燒旺起來。

burn out (v adv)燒盡(vi & vt)：The fire (flame/candle/oil lamp)～ed(itself)out.火(火焰/蠟燭/油燈)著完了(即熄滅了)。The hotel/factory was completely burnt out.旅館/工廠完全燒光了。

→′burner n 燒(烤)制……的人;燃燒器(頭);′burning adj 燃燒的;燙手的;情感激烈的;

n (1) 燒(灼)傷，灼痛感(hurt or mark on the body produced by fire， heat， acid， etc; sensation produced by burning)[C， U(the～)]：receive/suffer～s on one's hand 手被燒傷/受到燒傷;dress～s on one's hand包扎手上的燒傷; repair the～in the carpet修地毯上燒壞的地方;the～of the medicinal cream on the cut藥膏在刀口上引起的灼痛感;have serious～s on one's face/over one's body 臉/身上嚴重燒傷;Her～s will take a long time to heal.她的燒傷得很長時間才能愈合。

(2) 飛船上火箭的點火(發(fā)動)((of rocket-engines) firing)[C]：a short～短時間點火發(fā)動;The rocket made a good～.火箭順利點火。

【說明】burn用作動詞時，過去式和過去分詞皆各有規(guī)則和不規(guī)則兩種形式;BrE 中用作及物動詞時，多用不規(guī)則的形式burnt;用作不及物動詞或用于比喻意義時，多用規(guī)則形式burned(見上面例證);AmE中，可以一律用burned，也可用burnt (作形容詞時，則總是寫為burnt)。