| 釋義 |
“元自榮華富貴,況復(fù)康寧福壽。”詩(shī)句出處:《喜遷鶯》;是宋朝詩(shī)人劉仙倫的作品。 祥雲(yún)籠晝。正梅花弄粉,歲寒時(shí)候。長(zhǎng)記今朝,瑤臺(tái)仙子,降作人間明秀。四德生來(lái)全備,綠鬢年年依舊。更滿(mǎn)目,兒婦兒孫,森羅前後。知否。笙歌奏。去歲芳筵,好事今年又。壽燭高燒,壽詞齊唱,滿(mǎn)勸長(zhǎng)生酒。元自榮華富貴,況復(fù)康寧福壽。願(yuàn)此去,等鶴算龜齡,天長(zhǎng)地久。
| 【註釋】: 元:①頭;首。《左傳·僖公三十三年》:“狄人歸其元?!雹跒槭椎摹!盾髯?· 王制》:“元惡不待教而誅?!雹坶_(kāi)始;第一。《公羊傳·隱公元年》:“元年者何?君之始年也?!雹鼙?;原來(lái)。後作“原”。嵇康《琴賦》序:“推其所由,似元不解音聲?!标戇[《示兒》:“死去元知萬(wàn)事空,但悲不見(jiàn)九州同。”⑤大。《史記·龜策列傳》:“紂為暴虐,而元龜不占?!雹奚啤!蹲髠鳌の墓四辍?“高辛氏有才子八人……天下之民,謂八元?!雹叱?206年建國(guó)。1271年忽必烈定國(guó)號(hào)為元。1279年滅南宋,定都大都(今北京)。1368年被朱元璋推翻。高啟《書(shū)博雞者事》:“識(shí)者固知元政紊弛?!盵元元]1. 民眾;百姓?!妒酚洝て綔?zhǔn)書(shū)》:“出禁錢(qián)以振元元。”(禁錢(qián):供皇帝使用的錢(qián)。振:救濟(jì)。)2. 善良?!妒酚洝の牡郾炯o(jì)》:“以全天下元元之民?!?/div> 自:①自己?!对?shī)經(jīng)·大雅·文王》:“永言配命,自求多福?!?言:通“焉”。配命:合乎天命。)《老子》:“知人者智,自知者明?!雹谟H自。宋濂《送東陽(yáng)馬生序》:“每假借於藏書(shū)之傢,手自筆錄,計(jì)日以還?!薄妒酚洝な捪鄧?guó)世傢》:“高祖自將?!雹圩匀弧!妒酚洝だ顚④娏袀鳌?“諺曰:‘桃李無(wú)言,下自成蹊?!?蹊:小徑;小路。)④介詞。1.從。《孟子·滕文公上》:“有為神農(nóng)之言者許行,自楚之滕?!?神農(nóng):傳說(shuō)為古代造耒耜、興農(nóng)業(yè)的帝王。許行:當(dāng)時(shí)的農(nóng)學(xué)傢。)《論語(yǔ)·學(xué)而》:“有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來(lái)?!?. 由於?!妒酚洝でZ生列傳》:“屈平之作《離騷》,蓋自怨生也。”《漢書(shū)·灌夫傳》:“侯自我得之,自我捐之,無(wú)所恨。”⑤連詞。表示假設(shè)??勺g為假如?!蹲髠鳌こ晒辍?“唯聖人能內(nèi)外無(wú)患,自非聖人,外寧必有內(nèi)憂(yōu)?!雹捱B詞。表示假設(shè)的讓步??勺g為即使?!稘h書(shū)·高祖紀(jì)下》:“高祖不修文學(xué),而性明達(dá),好謀能聽(tīng),自監(jiān)門(mén)戍卒,見(jiàn)之如舊?!庇帧抖胖軅鳌?“自京師不曉,況於遠(yuǎn)方?”榮:①草木及谷物開(kāi)的花?!豆旁?shī)十九首》之八:“攀條折其榮?!雹诓菽鹃_(kāi)花。《呂氏春秋·仲夏》:“半夏生,木堇榮?!雹鄄菽久ⅰ⒎笔?。陶潛《歸去來(lái)兮辭》:“木欣欣以向榮?!?欣欣:草木茂盛。)④光榮;榮耀。與“辱”相對(duì)?!肚f子·逍遙遊》:“定乎內(nèi)外之分,辨乎榮辱之境?!雹輼s華;富貴。劉炎《邇言》:“君子志於澤天下,小人志於榮其身。”⑥屋簷兩端翹起的部分。《儀禮·士冠禮》:“夙興,設(shè)洗直於東榮。”[榮衛(wèi)]中醫(yī)指人體的營(yíng)養(yǎng)、血?dú)獾??!端貑?wèn)·湯液醪醴論》:“今精壞神去,榮衛(wèi)不可復(fù)收。”榮華:①草木的花朵?!冻o·離騷》:“及~~之未落兮,相下女之可詒?!雹诓菽鹃_(kāi)花?!盾髯印ね踔啤?“草木~~滋碩之時(shí),則斧斤不入山林?!雹?róng huá)興旺茂盛?!豆茏印ざ鹊亍?“萬(wàn)物~~?!雹?róng huá)富貴榮耀?!肚f子·田子方》:“子三為令尹而不~~。”華:(一)①草木所開(kāi)的花。後作“花”?!对?shī)經(jīng)·召南·何彼穠矣》:“華如桃李。”《詩(shī)經(jīng)· 周南·桃夭》:“桃之夭夭,灼灼其華。”又指開(kāi)花。《禮記·月令》:“桃始華?!雹趶闹虚g剖開(kāi)?!抖Y記·曲禮上》:“為天子削瓜者副之,巾以絺;為國(guó)君者華之,巾以绤?!?二)huá ①光彩;光輝。謝莊《月賦》:“增華臺(tái)室,揚(yáng)采軒宮?!?臺(tái)室、軒宮:皆星座名。)又輝映。何遜《秋夕仰贈(zèng)從兄寘南》:“高樹(shù)北風(fēng)響,空庭秋月華。”②出現(xiàn)在太陽(yáng)或月亮周?chē)牟噬猸h(huán),古人以為吉兆。李程《日五色賦》:“祥開(kāi)日華?!?祥:吉祥。)③華麗;華美。曹植《洛神賦》:“華容婀娜,令我忘餐。”又指人物美麗有風(fēng)采。陸機(jī)《贈(zèng)紀(jì)士》:“華顏婉如玉?!雹芫A。王勃《滕王閣序》:“物華天寶,龍光射牛鬥之墟?!雹莶艑W(xué)。韓愈《送鄭十校理得洛字》:“才子富文華?!庇种肝牟?。杜甫《贈(zèng)比部蕭郎中十兄》:“詞華傾後輩?!?傾:使欽佩。)⑥聲譽(yù);名聲。張九齡《和許給事中直夜簡(jiǎn)諸公》:“聲華大國(guó)寶。”⑦繁盛。劉得仁《樂(lè)遊原春望》:“始覺(jué)繁華地,應(yīng)無(wú)不醉人。”⑧顯貴。王績(jī)《策杖尋隱士》:“歲歲長(zhǎng)如此,方知輕世華?!雹岣∪A。《後漢書(shū)·周舉傳》:“但務(wù)其華,不求其實(shí)?!雹鈿q月;時(shí)光。沈佺期《春閨》:“歲華空自擲?!庇帜贻p;年少。李商隱《錦瑟》:“錦瑟無(wú)端五十弦,一弦一柱思華年?!?11)(頭發(fā))花白。蘇軾《念奴嬌·赤壁懷古》:“故國(guó)神遊,多情應(yīng)笑我,早生華發(fā)?!?12)中國(guó)古稱(chēng)華夏,省稱(chēng)“華”。亦專(zhuān)指漢族?!蹲髠鳌ざü辍?“夷不亂華?!?夷:古稱(chēng)少數(shù)民族名。)(13)通“嘩”。喧嘩?!蛾套哟呵铩?nèi)篇問(wèn)上二十》:“不掩君過(guò),諫乎前,不華乎外?!?乎:於。) (三)huà 通“樺”。司馬相如《上林賦》:“華楓枰櫨。”富:①財(cái)物多;富裕。與“貧”相對(duì)?!墩撜Z(yǔ)·述而》:“不義而富且貴,於我如浮雲(yún)?!雹谑垢辉??!墩撜Z(yǔ)·子路》:“冉有曰:‘既庶矣,又何加焉?’曰:‘富之。’”③多?!秴问洗呵铩て谫t》:“段幹木富於義,寡人富於財(cái)?!?段幹木:人名。)貴:①價(jià)錢(qián)高。與“賤”相對(duì)。杜甫《歲晏行》:“去年米貴缺軍食,今年米賤太傷農(nóng)?!薄盾髯印ぬ煺摗?“糴貴民饑?!雹诘匚桓哔F,顯貴。韓愈《師說(shuō)》:“是故無(wú)貴無(wú)賤,無(wú)長(zhǎng)無(wú)少,道之所存,師之所存也?!雹劭少F;重要?!睹献印けM心下》:“民為貴,社稷次之,君為輕?!雹艹缟?;重視?!渡袝?shū)·旅獒》:“不貴異物賤用物,民乃足。”《論語(yǔ)·學(xué)而》:“禮之用,和為貴”。⑤欲;想要?!稇?zhàn)國(guó)策·東周策》:“魏王以國(guó)與先生,貴合於秦以伐齊。”⑥敬辭,稱(chēng)與對(duì)方有關(guān)的人和事?!秶?guó)語(yǔ)·周語(yǔ)中》:“其貴國(guó)之賓至,則以班加一等,益虔?!?虔:恭敬。)況:①比擬;比較?!稘h書(shū)·高惠高後文功臣表序》:“以往況今,甚可悲傷?!薄墩摵狻ふ撍馈?“案火災(zāi)不能復(fù)燃以況之,死人不能復(fù)為鬼明矣?!雹谇樾?;狀況。高啟《送丁孝廉之錢(qián)塘》:“若見(jiàn)故人詢(xún)旅況,知君解說(shuō)不煩書(shū)?!雹鄹痹~。更加?!秶?guó)語(yǔ)·晉語(yǔ)一》:“以眾故,不敢愛(ài)親,眾況厚之?!薄赌印し枪ァ?“王況自縱也?!?王:指殷紂王??v:放縱。)④連詞。何況?!蹲髠鳌ば辍?“困獸猶鬥,況國(guó)相乎!”杜甫《兵車(chē)行》:“況復(fù)秦兵耐苦戰(zhàn),被驅(qū)不異犬與雞!”⑤通“貺”。賜;賜予?!稘h書(shū)·武帝紀(jì)》:“遭天地況施,著見(jiàn)景象,屑然如有聞?!?屑:輕微,微小。)《國(guó)語(yǔ)·魯語(yǔ)下》:“君以諸侯之故,況使臣以大禮?!?/div> 復(fù):①返回;回歸?!蹲髠鳌ば辍?“宣子未出山而復(fù)。”崔顥《黃鶴樓》:“黃鶴一去不復(fù)返?!雹诨謴?fù)。《呂氏春秋·慎大》:“武王於是復(fù)盤(pán)庚之政?!雹蹐?bào)復(fù)?!睹献印る墓隆?“為匹夫匹婦復(fù)仇也?!雹芑貓?bào);回復(fù)?!睹献印ち夯萃跎稀?“有復(fù)於王者曰?!雹莞痹~。再;又。曹植《送應(yīng)氏》:“側(cè)足無(wú)行徑,荒疇不復(fù)田。”⑥免除賦稅徭役?!稘h書(shū)·五行志下之下》:“裁什一之稅,復(fù)三日之役。”康:①安寧;和樂(lè)?!渡袝?shū)·大誥》:“迪民康?!?迪:引導(dǎo)。)沈佺期《答魑魅代書(shū)寄傢人》:“傳聞大小康。”(大?。捍笕诵『?。)②健康?!豆旁?shī)為焦仲卿妻作》:“命如南山石,四體康且直?!毙炝辍杜c王吳郡僧智書(shū)》:“體中何如?願(yuàn)??祫佟!?勝:安好。)③空?!对?shī)經(jīng)·小雅·賓之初筵》:“酌彼康爵。”(爵:酒杯。)又俗稱(chēng)蘿卜裡面空為“康”。也作“糠”。康寧:安康,平安。《書(shū)·多士》:“非我一人奉德不~~,時(shí)惟天命?!?/div> 寧:(一)①安定;安寧?!渡袝?shū)·大禹謨》:“萬(wàn)邦咸寧?!雹谔酵∫暩改?。《詩(shī)經(jīng)·周南·葛覃》:“歸寧父母?!雹蹫楦改甘貑??!稘h書(shū)·哀帝紀(jì)》:“博士弟子父母死,予寧三年?!盵歸寧]出嫁的女子回娘傢看望父母。(二)nìng ①副詞。相當(dāng)於“豈”、“難道”?!妒酚洝り惿媸纻怼?“王侯將相寧有種乎?”②連詞。表示選擇。寧可;寧願(yuàn)?!肚f子·秋水》:“此龜者,寧其死為留骨而貴乎?”福:①福氣;幸運(yùn)?!稇?zhàn)國(guó)策·秦策三》:“主聖臣賢,天下之福也。”②賜福;保佑?!蹲髠鳌でf公十年》:“小信未孚,神弗福也。”(孚:偏。)③祭祀用過(guò)的酒肉?!吨芏Y·天官·膳夫》:“凡祭祀之致福者,受而膳之?!雹芄艜r(shí)婦女行禮叫“?!??!豆賵?chǎng)現(xiàn)形記》第四十回:“馬老爺才趕過(guò)來(lái)作揖,瞿太太也隻得福瞭一福?!雹萃ā胺?。佈帛的寬度。《睡虎地秦墓竹簡(jiǎn)·秦律·金佈律》:“佈袤(mào)八尺,福廣二尺五寸。”(袤:長(zhǎng)。)壽:①長(zhǎng)壽;活得歲數(shù)大。《詩(shī)經(jīng)·小雅·天?!?“如南山之壽,不騫不崩?!薄独献印返谌拢骸安粯?lè)壽,不哀夭?!雹谀隁q;壽命?!妒酚洝し饿虏虧闪袀鳌?“吾所不知者壽也?!雹凵?。李商隱《有感》之二:“近聞開(kāi)壽宴?!雹芫淳苹蛩投Y物,祝人長(zhǎng)壽。《史記·魏其武安侯列傳》:“飲酒酣,武安起為壽,坐皆避席伏?!?/div> “元自榮華富貴,況復(fù)康寧福壽?!痹?shī)句出處:《喜遷鶯》;是宋朝詩(shī)人劉仙倫的作品。 祥云籠晝。正梅花弄粉,歲寒時(shí)候。長(zhǎng)記今朝,瑤臺(tái)仙子,降作人間明秀。四德生來(lái)全備,綠鬢年年依舊。更滿(mǎn)目,兒婦兒孫,森羅前後。知否。笙歌奏。去歲芳筵,好事今年又。壽燭高燒,壽詞齊唱,滿(mǎn)勸長(zhǎng)生酒。元自榮華富貴,況復(fù)康寧福壽。愿此去,等鶴算龜齡,天長(zhǎng)地久。
| 【注釋】: 元:①頭;首?!蹲髠鳌べ夜辍?“狄人歸其元。”②為首的。《荀子 · 王制》:“元惡不待教而誅?!雹坶_(kāi)始;第一?!豆騻鳌る[公元年》:“元年者何?君之始年也?!雹鼙?;原來(lái)。后作“原”。嵇康《琴賦》序:“推其所由,似元不解音聲?!标懹巍妒緝骸?“死去元知萬(wàn)事空,但悲不見(jiàn)九州同?!雹荽?。《史記·龜策列傳》:“紂為暴虐,而元龜不占。”⑥善?!蹲髠鳌の墓四辍?“高辛氏有才子八人……天下之民,謂八元?!雹叱?。1206年建國(guó)。1271年忽必烈定國(guó)號(hào)為元。1279年滅南宋,定都大都(今北京)。1368年被朱元璋推翻。高啟《書(shū)博雞者事》:“識(shí)者固知元政紊弛?!盵元元]1. 民眾;百姓?!妒酚洝て綔?zhǔn)書(shū)》:“出禁錢(qián)以振元元?!?禁錢(qián):供皇帝使用的錢(qián)。振:救濟(jì)。)2. 善良?!妒酚洝の牡郾炯o(jì)》:“以全天下元元之民?!?/div> 自:①自己?!对?shī)經(jīng)·大雅·文王》:“永言配命,自求多福?!?言:通“焉”。配命:合乎天命。)《老子》:“知人者智,自知者明?!雹谟H自。宋濂《送東陽(yáng)馬生序》:“每假借于藏書(shū)之家,手自筆錄,計(jì)日以還。”《史記·蕭相國(guó)世家》:“高祖自將。”③自然?!妒酚洝だ顚④娏袀鳌?“諺曰:‘桃李無(wú)言,下自成蹊?!?蹊:小徑;小路。)④介詞。1.從?!睹献印る墓稀?“有為神農(nóng)之言者許行,自楚之滕。”(神農(nóng):傳說(shuō)為古代造耒耜、興農(nóng)業(yè)的帝王。許行:當(dāng)時(shí)的農(nóng)學(xué)家。)《論語(yǔ)·學(xué)而》:“有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來(lái)?!?. 由于。《史記·屈原賈生列傳》:“屈平之作《離騷》,蓋自怨生也。”《漢書(shū)·灌夫傳》:“侯自我得之,自我捐之,無(wú)所恨?!雹葸B詞。表示假設(shè)。可譯為假如。《左傳·成公十六年》:“唯圣人能內(nèi)外無(wú)患,自非圣人,外寧必有內(nèi)憂(yōu)?!雹捱B詞。表示假設(shè)的讓步??勺g為即使。《漢書(shū)·高祖紀(jì)下》:“高祖不修文學(xué),而性明達(dá),好謀能聽(tīng),自監(jiān)門(mén)戍卒,見(jiàn)之如舊?!庇帧抖胖軅鳌?“自京師不曉,況于遠(yuǎn)方?”榮:①草木及谷物開(kāi)的花?!豆旁?shī)十九首》之八:“攀條折其榮?!雹诓菽鹃_(kāi)花。《呂氏春秋·仲夏》:“半夏生,木堇榮。”③草木茂盛、繁盛。陶潛《歸去來(lái)兮辭》:“木欣欣以向榮?!?欣欣:草木茂盛。)④光榮;榮耀。與“辱”相對(duì)。《莊子·逍遙游》:“定乎內(nèi)外之分,辨乎榮辱之境?!雹輼s華;富貴。劉炎《邇言》:“君子志于澤天下,小人志于榮其身。”⑥屋檐兩端翹起的部分?!秲x禮·士冠禮》:“夙興,設(shè)洗直于東榮?!盵榮衛(wèi)]中醫(yī)指人體的營(yíng)養(yǎng)、血?dú)獾??!端貑?wèn)·湯液醪醴論》:“今精壞神去,榮衛(wèi)不可復(fù)收?!?/div> 榮華:①草木的花朵?!冻o·離騷》:“及~~之未落兮,相下女之可詒?!雹诓菽鹃_(kāi)花?!盾髯印ね踔啤?“草木~~滋碩之時(shí),則斧斤不入山林?!雹?róng huá)興旺茂盛。《管子·度地》:“萬(wàn)物~~?!雹?róng huá)富貴榮耀?!肚f子·田子方》:“子三為令尹而不~~?!?/div> 華:(一)①草木所開(kāi)的花。后作“花”。《詩(shī)經(jīng)·召南·何彼秾矣》:“華如桃李?!薄对?shī)經(jīng)· 周南·桃夭》:“桃之夭夭,灼灼其華。”又指開(kāi)花?!抖Y記·月令》:“桃始華。”②從中間剖開(kāi)?!抖Y記·曲禮上》:“為天子削瓜者副之,巾以絺;為國(guó)君者華之,巾以绤?!?二)huá ①光彩;光輝。謝莊《月賦》:“增華臺(tái)室,揚(yáng)采軒宮?!?臺(tái)室、軒宮:皆星座名。)又輝映。何遜《秋夕仰贈(zèng)從兄寘南》:“高樹(shù)北風(fēng)響,空庭秋月華?!雹诔霈F(xiàn)在太陽(yáng)或月亮周?chē)牟噬猸h(huán),古人以為吉兆。李程《日五色賦》:“祥開(kāi)日華。”(祥:吉祥。)③華麗;華美。曹植《洛神賦》:“華容婀娜,令我忘餐?!庇种溉宋锩利愑酗L(fēng)采。陸機(jī)《贈(zèng)紀(jì)士》:“華顏婉如玉。”④精華。王勃《滕王閣序》:“物華天寶,龍光射牛斗之墟?!雹莶艑W(xué)。韓愈《送鄭十校理得洛字》:“才子富文華?!庇种肝牟?。杜甫《贈(zèng)比部蕭郎中十兄》:“詞華傾后輩?!?傾:使欽佩。)⑥聲譽(yù);名聲。張九齡《和許給事中直夜簡(jiǎn)諸公》:“聲華大國(guó)寶?!雹叻笔?。劉得仁《樂(lè)游原春望》:“始覺(jué)繁華地,應(yīng)無(wú)不醉人?!雹囡@貴。王績(jī)《策杖尋隱士》:“歲歲長(zhǎng)如此,方知輕世華?!雹岣∪A。《后漢書(shū)·周舉傳》:“但務(wù)其華,不求其實(shí)。”⑩歲月;時(shí)光。沈佺期《春閨》:“歲華空自擲。”又年輕;年少。李商隱《錦瑟》:“錦瑟無(wú)端五十弦,一弦一柱思華年?!?11)(頭發(fā))花白。蘇軾《念奴嬌·赤壁懷古》:“故國(guó)神游,多情應(yīng)笑我,早生華發(fā)?!?12)中國(guó)古稱(chēng)華夏,省稱(chēng)“華”。亦專(zhuān)指漢族?!蹲髠鳌ざü辍?“夷不亂華?!?夷:古稱(chēng)少數(shù)民族名。)(13)通“嘩”。喧嘩?!蛾套哟呵铩?nèi)篇問(wèn)上二十》:“不掩君過(guò),諫乎前,不華乎外。”(乎:于。) (三)huà 通“樺”。司馬相如《上林賦》:“華楓枰櫨。”富:①財(cái)物多;富裕。與“貧”相對(duì)?!墩撜Z(yǔ)·述而》:“不義而富且貴,于我如浮云。”②使富裕?!墩撜Z(yǔ)·子路》:“冉有曰:‘既庶矣,又何加焉?’曰:‘富之。’”③多。《呂氏春秋·期賢》:“段干木富于義,寡人富于財(cái)?!?段干木:人名。)貴:①價(jià)錢(qián)高。與“賤”相對(duì)。杜甫《歲晏行》:“去年米貴缺軍食,今年米賤太傷農(nóng)?!薄盾髯印ぬ煺摗?“糴貴民饑?!雹诘匚桓哔F,顯貴。韓愈《師說(shuō)》:“是故無(wú)貴無(wú)賤,無(wú)長(zhǎng)無(wú)少,道之所存,師之所存也。”③可貴;重要。《孟子·盡心下》:“民為貴,社稷次之,君為輕?!雹艹缟校恢匾??!渡袝?shū)·旅獒》:“不貴異物賤用物,民乃足?!薄墩撜Z(yǔ)·學(xué)而》:“禮之用,和為貴”。⑤欲;想要?!稇?zhàn)國(guó)策·東周策》:“魏王以國(guó)與先生,貴合于秦以伐齊?!雹蘧崔o,稱(chēng)與對(duì)方有關(guān)的人和事。《國(guó)語(yǔ)·周語(yǔ)中》:“其貴國(guó)之賓至,則以班加一等,益虔?!?虔:恭敬。)況:①比擬;比較?!稘h書(shū)·高惠高后文功臣表序》:“以往況今,甚可悲傷?!薄墩摵狻ふ撍馈?“案火災(zāi)不能復(fù)燃以況之,死人不能復(fù)為鬼明矣。”②情形;狀況。高啟《送丁孝廉之錢(qián)塘》:“若見(jiàn)故人詢(xún)旅況,知君解說(shuō)不煩書(shū)?!雹鄹痹~。更加。《國(guó)語(yǔ)·晉語(yǔ)一》:“以眾故,不敢愛(ài)親,眾況厚之?!薄赌印し枪ァ?“王況自縱也?!?王:指殷紂王??v:放縱。)④連詞。何況?!蹲髠鳌ば辍?“困獸猶斗,況國(guó)相乎!”杜甫《兵車(chē)行》:“況復(fù)秦兵耐苦戰(zhàn),被驅(qū)不異犬與雞!”⑤通“貺”。賜;賜予?!稘h書(shū)·武帝紀(jì)》:“遭天地況施,著見(jiàn)景象,屑然如有聞?!?屑:輕微,微小。)《國(guó)語(yǔ)·魯語(yǔ)下》:“君以諸侯之故,況使臣以大禮?!?/div> 復(fù):①返回;回歸。《左傳·宣公二年》:“宣子未出山而復(fù)?!贝揞棥饵S鶴樓》:“黃鶴一去不復(fù)返?!雹诨謴?fù)?!秴问洗呵铩ど鞔蟆?“武王于是復(fù)盤(pán)庚之政?!雹蹐?bào)復(fù)?!睹献印る墓隆?“為匹夫匹婦復(fù)仇也?!雹芑貓?bào);回復(fù)?!睹献印ち夯萃跎稀?“有復(fù)于王者曰?!雹莞痹~。再;又。曹植《送應(yīng)氏》:“側(cè)足無(wú)行徑,荒疇不復(fù)田。”⑥免除賦稅徭役。《漢書(shū)·五行志下之下》:“裁什一之稅,復(fù)三日之役。”康:①安寧;和樂(lè)?!渡袝?shū)·大誥》:“迪民康?!?迪:引導(dǎo)。)沈佺期《答魑魅代書(shū)寄家人》:“傳聞大小康?!?大小:大人小孩。)②健康?!豆旁?shī)為焦仲卿妻作》:“命如南山石,四體康且直?!毙炝辍杜c王吳郡僧智書(shū)》:“體中何如?愿保康勝。”(勝:安好。)③空?!对?shī)經(jīng)·小雅·賓之初筵》:“酌彼康爵?!?爵:酒杯。)又俗稱(chēng)蘿卜里面空為“康”。也作“糠”。康寧:安康,平安?!稌?shū)·多士》:“非我一人奉德不~~,時(shí)惟天命?!?/div> 寧:(一)①安定;安寧。《尚書(shū)·大禹謨》:“萬(wàn)邦咸寧。”②探望,省視父母?!对?shī)經(jīng)·周南·葛覃》:“歸寧父母。”③為父母守喪?!稘h書(shū)·哀帝紀(jì)》:“博士弟子父母死,予寧三年?!盵歸寧]出嫁的女子回娘家看望父母。(二)nìng ①副詞。相當(dāng)于“豈”、“難道”。《史記·陳涉世家》:“王侯將相寧有種乎?”②連詞。表示選擇。寧可;寧愿?!肚f子·秋水》:“此龜者,寧其死為留骨而貴乎?”福:①福氣;幸運(yùn)?!稇?zhàn)國(guó)策·秦策三》:“主圣臣賢,天下之福也?!雹谫n福;保佑?!蹲髠鳌でf公十年》:“小信未孚,神弗福也?!?孚:偏。)③祭祀用過(guò)的酒肉?!吨芏Y·天官·膳夫》:“凡祭祀之致福者,受而膳之?!雹芄艜r(shí)婦女行禮叫“?!?。《官場(chǎng)現(xiàn)形記》第四十回:“馬老爺才趕過(guò)來(lái)作揖,瞿太太也只得福了一福。”⑤通“幅”。布帛的寬度。《睡虎地秦墓竹簡(jiǎn)·秦律·金布律》:“布袤(mào)八尺,福廣二尺五寸。”(袤:長(zhǎng)。)壽:①長(zhǎng)壽;活得歲數(shù)大?!对?shī)經(jīng)·小雅·天?!?“如南山之壽,不騫不崩?!薄独献印返谌拢骸安粯?lè)壽,不哀夭?!雹谀隁q;壽命?!妒酚洝し饿虏虧闪袀鳌?“吾所不知者壽也?!雹凵铡@钌屉[《有感》之二:“近聞開(kāi)壽宴?!雹芫淳苹蛩投Y物,祝人長(zhǎng)壽?!妒酚洝の浩湮浒埠盍袀鳌?“飲酒酣,武安起為壽,坐皆避席伏。” “yuan zi rong hua fu gui ,kuang fu kang ning fu shou ?!眘hi gou chu chu :《xi qian ying 》;shi song chao shi ren liu xian lun de zuo pin 。 xiang yun long zhou 。zheng mei hua long fen ,sui han shi hou 。chang ji jin chao ,yao tai xian zi ,jiang zuo ren jian ming xiu 。si de sheng lai quan bei ,lu bin nian nian yi jiu 。geng man mu ,er fu er sun ,sen luo qian hou 。zhi fou 。sheng ge zou 。qu sui fang yan ,hao shi jin nian you 。shou zhu gao shao ,shou ci ji chang ,man quan chang sheng jiu 。yuan zi rong hua fu gui ,kuang fu kang ning fu shou 。yuan ci qu ,deng he suan gui ling ,tian chang de jiu 。
| 【zhu shi 】: yuan :①tou ;shou ?!秡uo chuan ·xi gong san shi san nian 》:“di ren gui ji yuan ?!雹趙ei shou de ?!秞un zi · wang zhi 》:“yuan e bu dai jiao er zhu ?!雹踜ai shi ;di yi ?!秅ong yang chuan ·yin gong yuan nian 》:“yuan nian zhe he ?jun zhi shi nian ye ?!雹躡en ;yuan lai 。hou zuo “yuan ”。ji kang 《qin fu 》xu :“tui ji suo you ,shi yuan bu jie yin sheng 。”liu you 《shi er 》:“si qu yuan zhi mo shi kong ,dan bei bu jian jiu zhou tong ?!雹載a ?!秙hi ji ·gui ce lie chuan 》:“zhou wei bao nve ,er yuan gui bu zhan 。”⑥shan 。《zuo chuan ·wen gong shi ba nian 》:“gao xin shi you cai zi ba ren ……tian xia zhi min ,wei ba yuan ?!雹遚hao dai ming 。1206nian jian guo 。1271nian hu bi lie ding guo hao wei yuan 。1279nian mie na song ,ding dou da dou (jin bei jing )。1368nian bei zhu yuan zhang tui fan 。gao qi 《shu bo ji zhe shi 》:“shi zhe gu zhi yuan zheng wen chi ?!盵yuan yuan ]1. min zhong ;bai xing ?!秙hi ji ·ping zhun shu 》:“chu jin qian yi zhen yuan yuan 。”(jin qian :gong huang di shi yong de qian 。zhen :jiu ji 。)2. shan liang ?!秙hi ji ·wen di ben ji 》:“yi quan tian xia yuan yuan zhi min ?!?/div> zi :①zi ji ?!秙hi jing ·da ya ·wen wang 》:“yong yan pei ming ,zi qiu duo fu ?!?yan :tong “yan ”。pei ming :ge hu tian ming 。)《lao zi 》:“zhi ren zhe zhi ,zi zhi zhe ming ?!雹趒in zi 。song lian 《song dong yang ma sheng xu 》:“mei jia jie yu cang shu zhi jia ,shou zi bi lu ,ji ri yi hai ?!薄秙hi ji ·xiao xiang guo shi jia 》:“gao zu zi jiang ?!雹踷i ran ?!秙hi ji ·li jiang jun lie chuan 》:“yan yue :‘tao li mo yan ,xia zi cheng qi ?!?qi :xiao jing ;xiao lu 。)④jie ci 。1.cong ?!秏eng zi ·teng wen gong shang 》:“you wei shen nong zhi yan zhe hu hang ,zi chu zhi teng 。”(shen nong :chuan shui wei gu dai zao lei si 、xing nong ye de di wang 。hu hang :dang shi de nong xue jia 。)《lun yu ·xue er 》:“you peng zi yuan fang lai ?!?. you yu ?!秙hi ji ·qu yuan gu sheng lie chuan 》:“qu ping zhi zuo 《li sao 》,gai zi yuan sheng ye ?!薄秇an shu ·guan fu chuan 》:“hou zi wo de zhi ,zi wo juan zhi ,mo suo hen ?!雹輑ian ci 。biao shi jia she 。ke yi wei jia ru ?!秡uo chuan ·cheng gong shi liu nian 》:“wei sheng ren neng nei wai mo huan ,zi fei sheng ren ,wai ning bi you nei you 。”⑥lian ci 。biao shi jia she de rang bu 。ke yi wei ji shi ?!秇an shu ·gao zu ji xia 》:“gao zu bu xiu wen xue ,er xing ming da ,hao mou neng ting ,zi jian men shu cu ,jian zhi ru jiu ?!眣ou 《du zhou chuan 》:“zi jing shi bu xiao ,kuang yu yuan fang ?”rong :①cao mu ji gu wu kai de hua ?!秅u shi shi jiu shou 》zhi ba :“pan tiao she ji rong ?!雹赾ao mu kai hua 。《lv shi chun qiu ·zhong xia 》:“ban xia sheng ,mu jin rong ?!雹踓ao mu mao cheng 、fan cheng 。tao qian 《gui qu lai xi ci 》:“mu xin xin yi xiang rong ?!?xin xin :cao mu mao cheng 。)④guang rong ;rong yao 。yu “ru ”xiang dui ?!秡huang zi ·xiao yao you 》:“ding hu nei wai zhi fen ,bian hu rong ru zhi jing 。”⑤rong hua ;fu gui 。liu yan 《er yan 》:“jun zi zhi yu ze tian xia ,xiao ren zhi yu rong ji shen ?!雹辸u yan liang duan qiao qi de bu fen ?!秠i li ·shi guan li 》:“su xing ,she xi zhi yu dong rong ?!盵rong wei ]zhong yi zhi ren ti de ying yang 、xie qi deng ?!秙u wen ·shang ye lao li lun 》:“jin jing huai shen qu ,rong wei bu ke fu shou 。”rong hua :①cao mu de hua duo 。《chu ci ·li sao 》:“ji ~~zhi wei la xi ,xiang xia nv zhi ke dai ?!雹赾ao mu kai hua ?!秞un zi ·wang zhi 》:“cao mu ~~zi shuo zhi shi ,ze fu jin bu ru shan lin ?!雹?róng huá)xing wang mao cheng ?!秅uan zi ·du de 》:“mo wu ~~?!雹?róng huá)fu gui rong yao ?!秡huang zi ·tian zi fang 》:“zi san wei ling yin er bu ~~。”hua :(yi )①cao mu suo kai de hua 。hou zuo “hua ”?!秙hi jing ·shao na ·he bi nong yi 》:“hua ru tao li ?!薄秙hi jing · zhou na ·tao wai 》:“tao zhi wai wai ,zhuo zhuo ji hua 。”you zhi kai hua 。《li ji ·yue ling 》:“tao shi hua ?!雹赾ong zhong jian pou kai ?!秎i ji ·qu li shang 》:“wei tian zi xiao gua zhe fu zhi ,jin yi chi ;wei guo jun zhe hua zhi ,jin yi xi ?!?er )huá ①guang cai ;guang hui 。xie zhuang 《yue fu 》:“zeng hua tai shi ,yang cai xuan gong ?!?tai shi 、xuan gong :jie xing zuo ming 。)you hui ying 。he xun 《qiu xi yang zeng cong xiong tian na 》:“gao shu bei feng xiang ,kong ting qiu yue hua ?!雹赾hu xian zai tai yang huo yue liang zhou wei de cai se guang huan ,gu ren yi wei ji zhao 。li cheng 《ri wu se fu 》:“xiang kai ri hua 。”(xiang :ji xiang 。)③hua li ;hua mei 。cao zhi 《luo shen fu 》:“hua rong e na ,ling wo wang can ?!眣ou zhi ren wu mei li you feng cai 。liu ji 《zeng ji shi 》:“hua yan wan ru yu ?!雹躩ing hua 。wang bo 《teng wang ge xu 》:“wu hua tian bao ,long guang she niu dou zhi xu 。”⑤cai xue 。han yu 《song zheng shi jiao li de luo zi 》:“cai zi fu wen hua ?!眣ou zhi wen cai 。du fu 《zeng bi bu xiao lang zhong shi xiong 》:“ci hua qing hou bei ?!?qing :shi qin pei 。)⑥sheng yu ;ming sheng 。zhang jiu ling 《he hu gei shi zhong zhi ye jian zhu gong 》:“sheng hua da guo bao ?!雹遞an cheng 。liu de ren 《le you yuan chun wang 》:“shi jiao fan hua de ,ying mo bu zui ren ?!雹鄕ian gui 。wang ji 《ce zhang xun yin shi 》:“sui sui chang ru ci ,fang zhi qing shi hua 。”⑨fu hua 。《hou han shu ·zhou ju chuan 》:“dan wu ji hua ,bu qiu ji shi ?!雹鈙ui yue ;shi guang 。shen quan ji 《chun gui 》:“sui hua kong zi zhi 。”you nian qing ;nian shao 。li shang yin 《jin se 》:“jin se mo duan wu shi xian ,yi xian yi zhu sai hua nian ?!?11)(tou fa )hua bai 。su shi 《nian nu jiao ·chi bi huai gu 》:“gu guo shen you ,duo qing ying xiao wo ,zao sheng hua fa ?!?12)zhong guo gu chen hua xia ,sheng chen “hua ”。yi zhuan zhi han zu 。《zuo chuan ·ding gong shi nian 》:“yi bu luan hua ?!?yi :gu chen shao shu min zu ming 。)(13)tong “hua ”。xuan hua ?!秠an zi chun qiu ·nei pian wen shang er shi 》:“bu yan jun guo ,jian hu qian ,bu hua hu wai ?!?hu :yu 。) (san )huà tong “hua ”。si ma xiang ru 《shang lin fu 》:“hua feng ping lu ?!?/div> fu :①cai wu duo ;fu yu 。yu “pin ”xiang dui 。《lun yu ·shu er 》:“bu yi er fu ju gui ,yu wo ru fu yun ?!雹趕hi fu yu ?!秎un yu ·zi lu 》:“ran you yue :‘ji shu yi ,you he jia yan ?’yue :‘fu zhi ?!雹踕uo ?!秎v shi chun qiu ·ji xian 》:“duan gan mu fu yu yi ,gua ren fu yu cai ?!?duan gan mu :ren ming 。)gui :①jia qian gao 。yu “jian ”xiang dui 。du fu 《sui yan hang 》:“qu nian mi gui que jun shi ,jin nian mi jian tai shang nong ?!薄秞un zi ·tian lun 》:“di gui min ji ?!雹赿e wei gao gui ,xian gui 。han yu 《shi shui 》:“shi gu mo gui mo jian ,mo chang mo shao ,dao zhi suo cun ,shi zhi suo cun ye ?!雹踜e gui ;chong yao ?!秏eng zi ·jin xin xia 》:“min wei gui ,she ji ci zhi ,jun wei qing ?!雹躢hong shang ;chong shi ?!秙hang shu ·lv ao 》:“bu gui yi wu jian yong wu ,min nai zu 。”《lun yu ·xue er 》:“l(fā)i zhi yong ,he wei gui ”。⑤yu ;xiang yao ?!秡han guo ce ·dong zhou ce 》:“wei wang yi guo yu xian sheng ,gui ge yu qin yi fa ji ?!雹辥ing ci ,chen yu dui fang you guan de ren he shi ?!秅uo yu ·zhou yu zhong 》:“ji gui guo zhi bin zhi ,ze yi ban jia yi deng ,yi qian ?!?qian :gong jing 。)kuang :①bi ni ;bi jiao ?!秇an shu ·gao hui gao hou wen gong chen biao xu 》:“yi wang kuang jin ,shen ke bei shang ?!薄秎un heng ·lun si 》:“an huo zai bu neng fu ran yi kuang zhi ,si ren bu neng fu wei gui ming yi ?!雹趒ing xing ;zhuang kuang 。gao qi 《song ding xiao lian zhi qian tang 》:“re jian gu ren xun lv kuang ,zhi jun jie shui bu fan shu ?!雹踗u ci 。geng jia 。《guo yu ·jin yu yi 》:“yi zhong gu ,bu gan ai qin ,zhong kuang hou zhi 。”《mo zi ·fei gong 》:“wang kuang zi zong ye ?!?wang :zhi yan zhou wang 。zong :fang zong 。)④lian ci 。he kuang ?!秡uo chuan ·xuan gong shi er nian 》:“kun shou you dou ,kuang guo xiang hu !”du fu 《bing che hang 》:“kuang fu qin bing nai ku zhan ,bei qu bu yi quan yu ji !”⑤tong “kuang ”。ci ;ci yu ?!秇an shu ·wu di ji 》:“zao tian de kuang shi ,zhe jian jing xiang ,xie ran ru you wen ?!?xie :qing wei ,wei xiao 。)《guo yu ·lu yu xia 》:“jun yi zhu hou zhi gu ,kuang shi chen yi da li ?!?/div> fu :①fan hui ;hui gui ?!秡uo chuan ·xuan gong er nian 》:“xuan zi wei chu shan er fu ?!眂ui hao 《huang he lou 》:“huang he yi qu bu fu fan ?!雹趆ui fu ?!秎v shi chun qiu ·shen da 》:“wu wang yu shi fu pan geng zhi zheng 。”③bao fu 。《meng zi ·teng wen gong xia 》:“wei pi fu pi fu fu chou ye 。”④hui bao ;hui fu 。《meng zi ·liang hui wang shang 》:“you fu yu wang zhe yue ?!雹輋u ci 。zai ;you 。cao zhi 《song ying shi 》:“ce zu mo hang jing ,huang chou bu fu tian 。”⑥mian chu fu shui yao yi ?!秇an shu ·wu hang zhi xia zhi xia 》:“cai shen yi zhi shui ,fu san ri zhi yi ?!?/div> kang :①an ning ;he le ?!秙hang shu ·da gao 》:“di min kang 。”(di :yin dao 。)shen quan ji 《da chi mei dai shu ji jia ren 》:“chuan wen da xiao kang ?!?da xiao :da ren xiao hai 。)②jian kang ?!秅u shi wei jiao zhong qing qi zuo 》:“ming ru na shan dan ,si ti kang ju zhi ?!眡u ling 《yu wang wu jun seng zhi shu 》:“ti zhong he ru ?yuan bao kang sheng ?!?sheng :an hao 。)③kong ?!秙hi jing ·xiao ya ·bin zhi chu yan 》:“zhuo bi kang jue ?!?jue :jiu bei 。)you su chen luo bo li mian kong wei “kang ”。ye zuo “kang ”。kang ning :an kang ,ping an ?!秙hu ·duo shi 》:“fei wo yi ren feng de bu ~~,shi wei tian ming ?!?/div> ning :(yi )①an ding ;an ning ?!秙hang shu ·da yu mo 》:“mo bang xian ning ?!雹趖an wang ,sheng shi fu mu 。《shi jing ·zhou na ·ge qin 》:“gui ning fu mu ?!雹踳ei fu mu shou sang 。《han shu ·ai di ji 》:“bo shi di zi fu mu si ,yu ning san nian ?!盵gui ning ]chu jia de nv zi hui niang jia kan wang fu mu 。(er )nìng ①fu ci 。xiang dang yu “qi ”、“nan dao ”。《shi ji ·chen she shi jia 》:“wang hou jiang xiang ning you chong hu ?”②lian ci 。biao shi shua ze 。ning ke ;ning yuan 。《zhuang zi ·qiu shui 》:“ci gui zhe ,ning ji si wei liu gu er gui hu ?”fu :①fu qi ;xing yun ?!秡han guo ce ·qin ce san 》:“zhu sheng chen xian ,tian xia zhi fu ye ?!雹赾i fu ;bao you ?!秡uo chuan ·zhuang gong shi nian 》:“xiao xin wei fu ,shen fu fu ye ?!?fu :pian 。)③ji si yong guo de jiu rou ?!秡hou li ·tian guan ·shan fu 》:“fan ji si zhi zhi fu zhe ,shou er shan zhi ?!雹躦u shi fu nv hang li jiao “fu ”?!秅uan chang xian xing ji 》di si shi hui :“ma lao ye cai gan guo lai zuo yi ,ju tai tai ye zhi de fu le yi fu 。”⑤tong “fu ”。bu bo de kuan du ?!秙hui hu de qin mu zhu jian ·qin lv ·jin bu lv 》:“bu mao (mào)ba che ,fu an er che wu cun ?!?mao :chang 。)shou :①chang shou ;huo de sui shu da ?!秙hi jing ·xiao ya ·tian bao 》:“ru na shan zhi shou ,bu jian bu beng ?!薄秎ao zi 》di san shi san zhang :“bu le shou ,bu ai wai ?!雹趎ian sui ;shou ming ?!秙hi ji ·fan ju cai ze lie chuan 》:“wu suo bu zhi zhe shou ye ?!雹踫heng ri 。li shang yin 《you gan 》zhi er :“jin wen kai shou yan ?!雹躩ing jiu huo song li wu ,zhu ren chang shou ?!秙hi ji ·wei ji wu an hou lie chuan 》:“yin jiu han ,wu an qi wei shou ,zuo jie bi xi fu 。”
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