(1)違背(反)，違犯(break (a promise or law))[T+n]：～an agreement/an oath 違背協(xié)議/誓約;(findings)～the laws of physics(調(diào)查結(jié)果)違反物理定律;～the law違犯法律;The actress/mine owners～d the terms of her/their contract. 女演員/礦主違反了合同條款。〖同〗break，disobey，disregard; invade;〖反〗respect，honour，obey;
(2)褻瀆，侮辱(injure the person or property;do harm to;rape)[T+n]： Thieves have～d the church by using it as a stable/the flag by tearing it down. 盜賊們把教堂當(dāng)馬廄褻瀆了宗教/扯下旗子褻瀆了旗幟?！纪絛ishonour;abuse;〖反〗respect，honour，protect，defend;
(3)妨礙，攪擾 (interrupt or disturb roughly)[T+n](fig)：～sb's privacy/sb's right to free speech 侵犯某人的隱私/妨礙某人的言論自由;The nightmare～d the peaceful sleep. 噩夢(mèng)妨礙了安睡。The sound of guns～d usual calm of Sunday morning. 槍聲打破了往常星期天早晨的平靜。
→?vio′lation n 違反;侵犯;褻瀆;′violator n 違反者