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n (1)干，稈，莖，梗(central part of a plant that grows up from the ground from which a leaf， flower or fruit grows)[C]：a long，hairy，twisting～細長彎曲布滿毛刺的花莖;daffodil～s 黃水仙莖;the～of a rose 玫瑰花的莖桿;〖同〗trunk，spear，shoot，cane，stock;

(2)葉柄，花梗(plant part which supports or joins a leaf flower fruit)[C];

(3)杯子腳，(煙斗，器皿)柄(slender rod or tube supporting a wineglass or other vessel on its base)[C]：the～of a wineglass/a tobacco pipe 酒杯腳/煙斗柄;

(4)詞干(main part of a word whose spelling remains the same when different endings are added on to it)[C](gram)：In the words，“cordiality” and “cordially”，“cord-”is the root and “cordial-” is the～. 在cordiality和cordially 兩個單詞中，“cord-”是詞根，“cordial-”是詞干。

(5)家系(族)(main line of the origin of a family)[C];

from stem to stern 1)從船頭到船尾：The ship has been refitted from～to stern. 那船已被從頭到尾裝修一新。2)從頭到尾，完全：As the ship touched the rock，she shook from～to stern. 當(dāng)船觸礁的剎那間，整條船猛烈地一震。

v

stem from (v prep)起源于，基于(vt)：His back trouble～s from an old war injury. 他的背痛是由于戰(zhàn)爭中的舊傷造成的。Her recklessness～s from vanity. 她的魯莽源于自負。