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n (1)標(水，基)準(sth considered by an authority or by general consent as a rule for measuring weights，lengths，value，quality，purity，etc)[C]：a high～of precision/living 高精密度/高生活水準;the～of height/weight 身高/重量標準;by today's～s 根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的標準;meet the Federal～ 符合聯(lián)邦標準;the monetary～(金銀幣的)法定成份;the official～for the purity of silver銀的純度的官方標準;〖同〗basis，pattern，guide，principle，specification;

(2)被認可的水平(準)，規(guī)范(acceptable or expected level of quality)[C，常pl]：have a high academic～具有很高的學術(shù)水平;high moral～s 道德規(guī)范;a low～of hygiene/behaviour 低的衛(wèi)生/行為水準;confer to the～s of society 符合社會的規(guī)范;set high～s for one's pupils 高標準要求學生;

(3)一般要求(水準);某種水平(準)(average，normal or specified requirement，quality，level，etc)[C]：the～of one's work 自己工作的質(zhì)量;His work this week does not reach his usual～. 這周他的工作沒有達到他通常的水準。The food is below～.這食品未達標準。

(4) 1)旗，旗幟(標)(ceremonial flag or banner used as symbol of a nation，military unit，corporation，etc)[C]：the royal～王室的旗幟; 2)旗標，標桿(pole with carved figure，image，etc at the top carried (formally) by an army)[C]：the Roman～古羅馬軍隊的旗標;raise the～of revolt 揭竿而起;Two men carried the～in the royal parade. 在盛大的游行隊伍中，兩個男人打著旗標?！纪絝lag，banner;

(5)支柱(桿，架)，臺(upright support or supporting part)[C]：candles lit in the～s 燭臺上點燃的蠟燭;The floor lamp has a long～. 這盞地燈有一根長支桿。need six～s to make it secure 需要六個支柱才能穩(wěn)固;a lamp～燈架;a～lamp落地燈;〖同〗pillar，support，upright，column，post;

be up to/below standard 達到/未達到標準：work that is up to/below～達到/未達到標準的工作;

→′standardize，-ise n 使標準化;?stan-dardi′zation，-′sation n 標準化;′standard-bearer n 旗手;領(lǐng)導人;

adj (1)(符合)標準的，規(guī)范的(serving as a model or as a basis for judgement or comparison)(尤作attrib)：～time 標準時間;the～length 標準長度;a～unit of volume/weight 容量/重量的標準單位;～pound/weights and measurers 標準磅/度量衡;

(2)普通的，通常的(usual，common or normal)：a (the)～size of envelops 普通信封; a (the )～rate of income tax 一般所得稅率;～practice/procedure 通常做法/程序;a～model of a car 普通型汽車;〖同〗normal，usual，basic，universal，common，ordinary;〖反〗abnormal，exceptional，irregular，unusual;

(3)公認為優(yōu)秀的，有權(quán)威性的(generally accepted as reliable or excellent)：a～author 權(quán)威作家;the～opera 作為保留劇目的歌劇;a～book on a subject 關(guān)于某個學科的權(quán)威之作;

(4)(指發(fā)音、拼法、語法)被認為是標準式的((of pronunciation，spelling，grammar，etc)widely used and considered acceptable by educated speakers)：～English/spelling/pronunciation 標準英語/拼寫/發(fā)音