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vt (1)寬(饒)恕，赦免(keep from punishing，injuring;treat with mercy)[T+n，D+n+n]：～sb/sb's life/sb his life 饒某人一命;if I am～d 如果我有幸不死;The prisoner was～d. 那囚犯被赦免了。The enemy～d neither young nor old. 無(wú)論老幼，敵人都沒有放過(guò)?！玭o one，not even oneself 一個(gè)人也沒放過(guò)，包括自己在內(nèi);〖同〗forgive，release，free，pardon;〖反〗punish，condemn;

(2)節(jié)約，節(jié)儉，吝嗇(afford or set aside for a particular purpose;use as little as possible)[T+n，D+n+n]：She never～s the butter when baking. 她烤糕點(diǎn)時(shí)從不吝惜黃油。not～oneself 對(duì)自己要求很嚴(yán)格;S～the rod and spoil the child.(prob) 孩子不打不成器(省了棍子寵壞了孩子)。not～any effort on sth 在某方面不遺余力;Nothing/No troubles/No pains was (were)～d to make them comfortable (for their comfort). 為使他們舒適盡了全力/不辭勞苦/不遺余力?！玸b the details/one's opinion/the explanation 不給某人講那些細(xì)節(jié)/講自己的意見/作解釋;〖同〗conserve，withhold，save，reserve;〖反〗use，spend;

(3)為……提供(金錢、時(shí)間等);抽(勻，分)出(be able to afford to give)[T+n，T+n+prep (for)，D+n+n，D+n+prep(for)]：We haven't enough to～. 我們沒有富余的，勻不出來(lái)。Can you～$10/any sugar? 你能勻出10美元/一點(diǎn)糖嗎?～time for a holiday 抽出時(shí)間去度假;Please～me a few minutes of your time/two litres of petrol. 請(qǐng)為我抽出幾分鐘時(shí)間/勻給我兩升汽油。 Can you～an extra ticket/one of your sandwiches for me? 請(qǐng)勻一張票/一個(gè)三明治給我好嗎? 〖同〗afford，grant，give;

(4)沒有 …… 也行(manage without) [T+n，T+n+prep](infml)：Father couldn't～the car，so I had to walk. 父親得用車，所以我只好步行。

spare sb's blushes 不以過(guò)獎(jiǎng)的話讓某人受窘：You shouldn't say all these nice things about me;～my blushes! 你不該講我這么多好話——?jiǎng)e讓我難為情!

spare sb's feelings 避免傷害某人的感情：He simply wished to minimize the fuss and to～her feelings. 他只是想盡量不激動(dòng)，以避免傷害她的感情。

to spare 富余，過(guò)剩：She arrived with no time to～. 她準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)，沒留一點(diǎn)富余時(shí)間。

→′sparing adj 節(jié)約的;′sparingly adv 節(jié)約地;

adj(1)富余的，備用的(not needed immediately but ready to be used when needed)[無(wú)comp]：carry a～wheel/tyre 帶個(gè)備用車輪/輪胎;His home has a～bedroom/room. 他家有一個(gè)備用臥室/房間。Here's a～pair of trousers. You may have them. 這兒有一條富余的褲子，你可以穿上?！玴arts 備用零部件;〖同〗extra，supplementary，supplemental;

(2)空暇(閑)的((of time) not being used for anything;free)[無(wú)comp]：do sth in～time 在空暇時(shí)間做某事;He is so busy that he has no～time. 他很忙，沒有空閑。get a～moment 有點(diǎn)空閑的時(shí)間;We stay in the country in our～time. 閑暇時(shí)我們待在鄉(xiāng)下。

(3)(人)瘦的((of a person's body) thin;lean)(尤f(wàn)ml)：a tall～man 瘦高個(gè)的男人;a～figure/frame 清瘦的身材;〖同〗lean，thin，slender〖反〗fat，fleshy，heavy，large;

(4)少量的，微薄的(small in quantity) [作attrib)(fml)：on a～diet 在節(jié)食;have a～meal of bread and cheese 僅吃一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)面包和黃油;

go spare(BrE，sl)很惱火：Jennie will go～if she finds out what you've done! 如果珍妮發(fā)現(xiàn)了你做的事，她一定會(huì)惱火的。

→′spare-rib n 豬小排;

n(機(jī)器、汽車等)設(shè)備(尤指汽車的備用輪胎)(spare part(for a machine，car，etc)，esp an extra wheel for a car，kept for emergencies)[C]：His～is flat. 他的備用輪胎癟了。They sell～s at that garage 那家汽車修理店出售備用胎。Take plenty of～s with you if you are going to travel a great distance in your car. 如果你要開車作長(zhǎng)途旅行，需攜帶大量的備件。