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adj (1) 堅固(硬)的(unyielding to pressure;solid;hard)：Put the ladder on～ground. 將梯子放在堅實(shí)的地上?！玸oil/muscles (flesh) 堅硬的土壤/結(jié)實(shí)的肌肉;jelly that is not～enough 還沒有凝結(jié)好的果凍;〖同〗stiff，hard，unbending，unyielding，solid;〖反〗 loose，soft;

(2) 穩(wěn)(牢)固的(not easily shaken or moved;securely fixed in place)：～foundations 牢固的基礎(chǔ);a stool～enough to sit on 坐著很穩(wěn)的凳子;a tree～in the earth 樹牢牢地扎根于泥土之中;be on～ground 腳踏實(shí)地;在穩(wěn)固的基礎(chǔ)上;as～as rock 穩(wěn)如磐石;〖同〗fast，secure，steady，stable;tight，immovable;〖反〗unsteady，unstable;

(3) 強(qiáng)有力的(strong and sure)：a～handshake/step 緊緊的握手/強(qiáng)有力的一步;in the～grasp of sb 牢牢地掌握在某人的手中;a～grip/hold 緊抓(握);

(4) 堅定(決)的(not changing;determined;resolute)：～principles 不可更改的原則;a～belief (in) (對……) 堅定的信仰;remain～in one's conviction 堅信;be～in purpose 意志堅定;give a～refusal 斷然拒絕;He was quite～about not coming to my birthday party. 他堅決不來參加我的生日晚會。My mother was～in resolve not to move north. 我母親堅決不同意遷居北方?！纪?steadfast，determined，resolved，persistent，decided，steady，inflexible，bent;〖反〗 unsteady，wavering，irresolute;

(5) 堅強(qiáng)(決)的 (steadfast or unwavering; not easily persuaded to change one's mind;decisive) [A(with)]：She looked very～. 她看上去很堅強(qiáng)。be～with one's children 嚴(yán)格要求孩子;

(6) (物價，貨幣等)穩(wěn)定的，堅挺的(staying the same;stable;not lower than another currency in value) [A(against)] [通常作 pred]：The prices are～. 價格穩(wěn)定。The pound remained/stayed～against the dollar. 英鎊對美元保持堅挺。〖同〗settled，fixed，established;〖反〗unstable，unreliable;

→′firmly adv 堅定(固地);′firmness n 堅定(固);

adv 堅定地;牢固地(firmly;resolutely)：stand～不動搖;He held～to his beliefs/to his ideals/to his principles. 他堅定不移地保持自己的信仰/理想/原則。

v (1) (使)堅定(固，實(shí))，(使)穩(wěn)定(固) ((cause to) become firm;solidify) [I，I+adv(up)，T+n，T+n+prep(up)]：～quickly 很快凝固;The stock prices～ed up yesterday. 股票價格昨天穩(wěn)定了下來。～up the price 穩(wěn)定物價;～(up) the soil around a newly planted tree 將新栽樹木周圍的土夯實(shí);

(2) 確認(rèn)(put sth into a final fixed form)：～up a contract/an agreement 確認(rèn)一份合同/協(xié)議;

【辨異】 firm與hard和solid 均可表示“堅硬(固)的”。firm 指堅硬或結(jié)實(shí)，不易彎曲，或因壓榨變形，如：The athlete's muscles are firm. (那個運(yùn)動員的肌肉很結(jié)實(shí)。) hard (硬的;結(jié)實(shí)、堅固的) 指表面堅固，不易挖掘，如：The ground is too hard to dig. (地面太硬挖不動。) solid (堅固的，結(jié)實(shí)的) 則表示某物的結(jié)構(gòu)堅固、密度高，因而可以抵抗任何壓力，如：build a house on solid ground (將房子建在堅硬的地上)。