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(1) (道德或法律上的)義務(wù) (what one ought morally or legally to do) [C， U]：the～to one's country/of defending one's country 對國家/保衛(wèi)國家的義務(wù);one's～to raise children properly 好好把孩子撫養(yǎng)大的義務(wù);do one's～(as a responsible citizen/husband) (作為一個(gè)有責(zé)任感的公民/丈夫)盡自己的義務(wù);do sth out of (a strong sense of)～出于(強(qiáng)烈的)義務(wù)(感)而做某事;the call of～義務(wù)的召喚;It is a matter of～. 這是義務(wù)問題。pay a～call 作禮節(jié)性的拜訪;It's my～to help the needy/to obey the laws. 幫助貧困者/遵守法律是我的義務(wù)。 I'm in/feel～bound to help the needy. 我有/覺得有義務(wù)幫助窮人?！纪絩esponsibility， obligation;

(2) 任務(wù)，職責(zé)，責(zé)任，本分 (job， task or action that sb must perform) [C常pl， U]：What are the～ies of a senator/a traffic warden/a secretary? 參議員/交通管理員/秘書的職責(zé)是什么? One of his～ies is to do... 他的職責(zé)之一是…… Whose～was it to lock the door? 鎖門是誰的職責(zé)? household～ies 家庭責(zé)任;learn/take up/perform one's～ies 學(xué)會做本職工作/擔(dān)起職責(zé)/履行職責(zé);do night～值夜班; have a～to perform 有一項(xiàng)任務(wù)要完成;〖同〗task， assignment， charge， function;

(3) (關(guān))稅 (tax charged by a government on certain goods， esp on ones brought into a county) [C， U][N(on)]：customs/excise/death/income～ies 關(guān)稅/國內(nèi)貨物稅/遺產(chǎn)稅/進(jìn)口稅; stamp～印花稅; pay/impose/raise/lower～on foreign wine 納/征/提高/降低進(jìn)口酒的稅;〖同〗tax， customs;

on/off duty 上(值)/下班：be/come off～(now/at 6 p.m.) (現(xiàn)在/下午6點(diǎn))下班;be/go on～(tonight/from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.) (今晚/上午8點(diǎn)至下午4點(diǎn))值班;on/off sentry～放哨上/下崗;

do duty for 充作……使用：A straw mat did～for a bed. 一個(gè)草墊子當(dāng)成了床用。

→?duty-′bound adj 義不容辭的;?duty-′free adj 免稅的;′dutiable adj (貨物)應(yīng)納稅的;′dutiful， ′duteous adj 負(fù)責(zé)任的，恭敬的，順從的;′dutifully， ′duteously adv 負(fù)責(zé)任地;恭敬地，順從地;

【辨異】duty與obligation都指一個(gè)人感覺一定要做的事情。duty指出于覺悟、虔誠、道德或法律的義務(wù);obligation (義務(wù)，責(zé)任)指出于習(xí)俗、規(guī)范、道德、法律等迫使人去做某事的義務(wù)，以及做一具體(常常是個(gè)人答應(yīng)或同意了的)事情的責(zé)任，如：financial/social obligations (融資方面的義務(wù)/社會義務(wù))。