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n(1)警報(warning of approaching danger)[C]：give/raise/sound the～發(fā)警報;There were no～s during the night.夜里沒響警報。a fire～火警;a false～假警報;虛驚;evacuate a building at the first～一聽到警報就撤離大樓;an～clock/system 鬧表/警報系統(tǒng);〖同〗warning;

(2)警報器(鈴，鐘)(any apparatus that gives a warning of danger)[C]：Where's the fire/burglar～? 火警/防盜報警器在哪兒? The～went off.報警器響起來了。

(3)鬧鐘(clock that can be set to make a noise so as to wake a person at a particular time)[C]：set the～(or～clock) at five把鬧鐘對在5點上;

(4)驚慌(恐)(sudden feeling of fear and anxiety caused by a sense of danger)[U]：take/feel～at sth 因……吃驚;jump up/look round/run/ask in～驚恐地跳起來/環(huán)顧四周/跑/問;fill sb with～使某人驚恐不安;share sb's～與某人一起吃驚;respond with～to the news 聽到那消息的反應(yīng)是驚恐不安;There's no cause for～.毫無驚慌的理由?！纪絝ear，fright，panic，terror，horror;〖反〗calmness，coolness;

vt(1)使驚慌(恐懼)，驚嚇(make sb suddenly afraid and anxious)[T+n]：The noise of shot/sight of smoke/idea～ed him.槍聲/煙火的景象/那想法使他嚇了一跳。Even little things/The least sound～s the old lady.即使是小事情/一點點小聲音也會嚇著那老太太。be～ed at the news/by a sudden outbreak of the disease/(to hear) that sb is leaving 對那消息/由于疾病的突然發(fā)作/因(聽說)某人要走了而感到驚慌;〖同〗frighten，scare，terrify;〖反〗calm;

(2)使警覺(give a warning of danger to)[T+n];

→ a′larming adj 使人驚恐不安的;a′larmingly adv 驚人地;a′larmist n 神經(jīng)質(zhì)的人;

【辨異】1)名詞fear與dread、alarm、fright、panic、terror和horror都表示因面臨危險和災(zāi)難等而產(chǎn)生的懼怕感情。fear(害怕)最常用，程度最輕，指對所經(jīng)歷的、引起懼怕的事物的態(tài)度，可以是輕微的擔(dān)心或膽小，也可是較強烈的懼怕，如：fear of falling(害怕掉下去);dread(恐懼)指對預(yù)料要發(fā)生的、與其說可怕倒不如說討厭的事情的態(tài)度，如：have a dread of hospitals(懼怕醫(yī)院);alarm比fear語體色彩較正式，但幾乎和fear一樣，可指輕微的不安，也可指較強的懼怕，指對迫近的危險的情緒反應(yīng)(驚慌)，如：start up in alarm(驚跳起來);其他四詞都表示面臨危險和災(zāi)難時的極度害怕。fright(驚恐)指感到具體的外部威脅時所產(chǎn)生的短時間的突然驚嚇，如：a spasm of fright(一陣驚恐);panic(恐慌)指無法控制的、不理智的、毫無根據(jù)的突然驚嚇(尤指群體中者)，可能持續(xù)很長時間，如：be in a panic(處于恐慌之中);terror(驚恐)指出于對意想中的或未來的危險的強烈害怕，持續(xù)的時間較長，如：frozen with terror(嚇呆了);horror(恐怖)指對災(zāi)難性危險的驚恐，如：recoil in horror(嚇得退縮)。2)動詞alarm與frighten、scare 和terrify都表示使人產(chǎn)生恐懼心理。alarm表示意識到逼近的危險時所產(chǎn)生的“驚慌”，如：alarm sb by a scream(用尖叫聲使某人驚嚇);frighten(使驚嚇)表示對人身傷害所產(chǎn)生的短時間即逝的突然驚嚇，如：frighten sb by a sudden noise(用突然的響聲把某人嚇了一跳);scare(使驚嚇)指使人嚇得到了失去沉著、不顧尊嚴的程度，如：scare a child so that he cries(把孩子嚇哭);terrify(使恐怖)是使人受到猛烈的、勢不可擋的驚嚇，可譯作“嚇倒”，“嚇壞”，程度最重，如：be terrified by the sight of a lion(看見一頭獅子嚇壞了)。